Sl.No 2022 & 2023 Project Title Year
1 Toward Data Justice Understanding Police Shooting Data Systems and Narratives 2022
2 Forward Privacy Preservation in IoT-Enabled Healthcare Systems 2022
3 Trust But Verify: a framework for the trustworthiness of distributed systems 2022
4 Cybersecurity Awareness in Online Education: A Case Study Analysis 2022
5 Optimal Filter Assignment Policy Against Distributed Denial-of-Service Attack 2022
6 CloudRaid Detecting Distributed Concurrency Bugs via Log Mining and Enhancement 2022
7 A Taxonomy of Fake News Classification Techniques: Survey and Implementation Aspects 2022
8 Exploring E-Commerce Product Experience Based on Fusion Sentiment Analysis Method 2022
9 Racism Detection by Analyzing Differential Opinions Through Sentiment Analysis of Tweets Using Stacked Ensemble GCR-NN Model 2022
10 Graph Convolutional networks for drug response prediction 2022
11 Predicting drug-drug interactions based on integrated similarity and semi-supervised learning 2022
12 A Deep Attentive Multimodal Learning Approach for Disaster Identification From Social Media Posts 2022
13 Malicious URL Detection based on Machine Learning 2022
14 Credit Card Fraud Detection Using State-of-the-Art Machine Learning and Deep Learning Algorithms 2022
15 Fraud Detection and Analysis for Insurance Claim using Machine Learning 2022
16 Probabilistic Inference and Trustworthiness Evaluation of Associative Links toward Malicious Attack Detection for Online Recommendations 2022
17 A Machine Learning-Based Classification and Prediction Technique for DDoS Attacks 2022
18 Predicting Employees under Stress for Pre-emptive Remediation using Machine learning Algorithm 2022
19 A Machine Learning Approach for Rainfall Estimation Integrating Heterogeneous Data Sources 2022
20 Fake Profile Identification in Social Network using Machine Learning and NLP 2022
21 Child Mortality prediction using Machine Learning Techniques 2022
22 A Robust Approach for Effective Spam Detection Using Supervised Learning Techniques 2022
23 A Computer-Aided Inspection System to Predict Quality Characteristics in Food Technology 2022
24 GEFA: Early Fusion Approach in Drug-Target Affinity Prediction 2022
25 Adaptive Hierarchical Cyber Attack Detection and Localization in Active Distribution Systems 2022
26 Campus Placements Prediction & Analysis using Machine Learning 2022
27 Stroke Risk Prediction with Hybrid Deep Transfer Learning Framework 2022
28 DEA-RNN: A Hybrid Deep Learning Approach for Cyberbullying Detection in Twitter Social Media Platform 2022
29 Dark-TRACER Early Detection Framework for Malware Activity Based on Anomalous Spatiotemporal Patterns 2022
30 Predicting brain age using machine learning algorithms: A comprehensive evaluation 2022
31 Detecting and Mitigating the Dissemination of Fake News: Challenges and Future Research Opportunities 2022
32 HCovBi-Caps: Hate Speech Detection using Convolutional and Bi-Directional Gated Recurrent Unit with Capsule Network 2022
33 Electricity Theft Detection in Smart Grids Based on Deep Neural Network 2022
34 Sentiment Analysis of Customers' Reviews Using a Hybrid Evolutionary SVM-Based Approach in an Imbalanced Data Distribution 2022
35 Malware Detection: A Framework for Reverse Engineered Android Applications through Machine Learning Algorithms 2022
36 Machine learning for fast and reliable source-location estimation in earthquake early warning 2022
37 Modeling, Detecting, and Mitigating Threats Against Industrial Healthcare Systems: A Combined Software Defined Networking and Reinforcement Learning Approach 2022
38 Phishing URL Detection: A Real-Case Scenario Through Login URLs 2022
39 Machine Learning-Based Analysis of Crypto Currency Market Financial Risk Management 2022
40 Privacy-Preserving Federated Depression Detection from Multi-Source Mobile Health Data 2022
41 Deep fake Detection: A Systematic Literature Review 2022
42 Hear Smoking: Smoking Detection in Driving Environment via Acoustic Sensing on Smart phones 2022
43 Detect DUI: An In-Car Detection System for Drink Driving and BACs 2022
44 A Novel Time-Aware Food Recommender-System Based on Deep Learning and Graph Clustering 2022
45 Two-Fold Machine Learning Approach to Prevent and Detect IoT Botnet Attacks 2022
46 Comparative Analysis of Liver diseases by using Machine Learning Techniques 2022
47 A Deep Learning-Based Approach for Inappropriate Content Detection and Classification of YouTube Videos 2022
48 Membership Inference Attack and Defense for Wireless Signal Classifiers with Deep Learning 2022
49 Water Net: A Network for Monitoring and Assessing Water Quality for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes 2022
50 Identifying Health Insurance Claim Frauds Using Mixture of Clinical Concepts 2022
51 Crop Prediction Based on Characteristics of the Agricultural Environment Using Various Feature Selection Techniques and Classifiers 2022
52 Foureye: Defensive Deception based on Hypergame Theory Against Advanced Persistent Threats 2022
53 A Hybrid Deep Learning Approach for Bottleneck Detection in IoT 2022
54 Social Spammer Detection via Convex Nonnegative Matrix Factorization 2022
55 PredicTour: Predicting Mobility Patterns of Tourists Based on Social Media User's Profiles 2022
56 Trustworthiness Assessment of Users in Social Reviewing Systems 2022
57 Block Hunter Federated Learning for Cyber Threat Hunting in Blockchain-based IIoT Networks 2022
58 SCA Sybil based Collusion Attacks of IIoT Data Poisoning in Federated Learning 2022
59 Composite Behavioral Modeling for Identity Theft Detection in Online Social Networks 2022
60 A Learning-Based POI Recommendation With Spatiotemporal Context Awareness 2022
61 Prediction Of Used Car Prices Using Artificial Neural Networks And Machine Learning 2022
62 Analysis on Benefits and Costs of Machine Learning-Based Early Hospitalization Prediction 2022
63 Artificial Intelligence Crime: An Overview of Malicious Use and Abuse of AI 2022
64 Detecting Cyber Attacks through Measurements: Learnings from a Cyber Range 2022
65 Discover Customers' Gender From Online Shopping Behavior 2022
66 Graph Convolutional Network-Based Model for Megacity Real Estate Valuation 2022
67 House Price Prediction using a Machine Learning Model: A Survey of Literature 2022
68 Research Trends, Challenges, and Emerging Topics in Digital Forensics: A Review of Reviews 2022
69 Security of Cyber-Physical Systems: Design of a Security Supervisor to Thwart Attacks 2022
70 Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Crime Risk Prediction Across Cities 2022
71 A Comprehensive Survey on Computer Forensics: State-of-the-Art, Tools, Techniques, Challenges, and Future Directions 2022
72 Detecting Sybil Attacks using Proofs of Work and Location in VANETs 2022
73 The Social Media Break-Up Psycho-Behavioral Measures and Implications 2022
74 Social Media Popularity Prediction based on Multi-modal Self-Attention Mechanisms 2022
75 FADOHS: Framework for Detection and Integration of Unstructured Data of Hate Speech on Facebook Using Sentiment and Emotion Analysis 2022
76 Cross Platform Reputation Generation System Based on Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis 2022
1 Intelligent Video Surveillance Using Deep Learning
2 A Deep Transfer Learning-based Edge Computing Method for Home Health Monitoring
3 A Hybrid Deep Learning Technique for Personality Trait Classification From Text
4 SSLA Based Traffic Sign and Lane Detection for Autonomous cars
5 A Time-Frequency Based Suspicious Activity Detection for Anti- Money Laundering
6 Optimization of the Hybrid Movie Recommendation System Based on Weighted Classification and User Collaborative Filtering Algorithm
7 Machine Learning and End-to-end Deep Learning for the Detection of Chronic Heart Failure from Heart Sounds
8 Detection and Isolation of Sensor Attacks for Autonomous Vehicles: Framework, Algorithms, and Validation
9 Movie Success Prediction Using Naïve Bayes, Logistic Regression and Support Vector Machine
10 Anomaly Detection and Attack Classification for Train Real-time Ethernet
11 Identifying Bone Tumor using X-Ray Images
12 Effective Use of Pattern Discovery for Detection of Fraudulent Patterns in Railway Reservation
13 Attention Consistent Network for Remote Sensing Scene Classification
14 Feature Extraction and Analysis of Natural Language Processing for Deep Learning English Language
15 Analysis and Detection of Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Machine Learning Techniques
16 Person Re-Identification With Reinforced Attribute Attention Selection
17 An Ensemble Learning-Based Data-Driven Method for Online State-of-Health Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries
18 Deep Learning of Facial Depth Maps for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Prediction
19 Radiographic Weld Defect Classification
20 Classification Of Fractured Bones Using Machine Learning
21 Detecting Malicious Twitter Bots Using Machine Learning
22 Location prediction on Twitter using machine learning Techniques
23 Deep Facial Diagnosis: Deep Transfer Learning From Face Recognition to Facial Diagnosis
24 An Automatic Advisor for Refactoring Software Clones Based on Machine Learning
25 Optimised stacked ensemble techniques in the prediction of cervical cancer using SMOTE and RFERF
26 Application and evaluation of a K-Medoids based shape clustering method for an articulated design space
27 Local Dynamic Neighborhood Based Outlier Detection Approach and its Framework for Large-Scale Datasets
28 Image Forgery Detection Based on Fusion of Lightweight Deep Learning Models
29 Integrating Stacked Sparse Auto-Encoder Into Matrix Factorization for Rating Prediction
30 An Efficient Gait Recognition Method for Known and Unknown Covariate Conditions
31 Inverse Cooking: Recipe Generation from Food Images
32 SESV: Accurate Medical Image Segmentation by Predicting and Correcting Errors
33 Prediction for Manufacturing Factors in a Steel Plate Rolling Smart Factory Using Data Clustering-Based Machine Learning
34 Explaining Deep Learning-Based Traffic Classification Using a Genetic Algorithm
35 A Data Analytics Approach to the Cybercrime Underground Economy
36 EfficientDet: Scalable and Efficient Object Detection
37 Geo Tracking of Waste and Triggering Alerts and Mapping Areas with High Waste Index
38 A Novel Method for Computationally Efficacious Linear and Polynomial Regression Analytics of Big Data in Medicine
39 Toward Detection and Attribution of Cyber-Attacks in IoT-enabled
Cyber-physical Systems
40 Transfer Learning for an Automated Detection System of Fractures in Patients with Maxillofacial Trauma
41 An Experimental Study for Software Quality Prediction with Machine Learning Methods
42 Cnn Based Speaker Recognition In Language And Text- Independent Small-Scale System
43 Hybrid Recommender System for Tourism Based on Big Data and AI: A Conceptual Framework
44 A Deep Neural Framework for Continuous Sign Language Recognition by Iterative Training
45 SyntheticNET: A 3GPP Compliant Simulator for AI Enabled 5G and Beyond
46 Automatic Grading of Programming Assignments: An Approach
Based on Formal Semantics
47 Fall Detection For Elderly People Using Machine Learning
48 Image Forensic for Digital Image Copy Move Forgery Detection
49 Automatic Lung Segmentation Using Control Feedback System: Morphology and Texture Paradigm
50 Hand Gesture Recognition and Voice Conversion for Deaf and Dumb
Msr-2100 Fake detector Effective Fake News Detection With Deep Diffusive Neural Network
Msr-2101 Stress Detection In It Professionals By Image Processing And Machine Learning
Msr-2102 Transfer Learning For Recognizing Face In Disguise
Msr-2103 Application Research Of Text Classification Based On Random Forest Algorithm
Msr-2104 Checking Security Properties Of Cloud Service Rest Apis
Msr-2105 Behaviour Analysis For Mentally Affected People
Msr-2106 Filtering Instagram Hashtags Through Crowdtagging And The Hits
Msr-2108 An Examination System Automation Using Natural Language Processing
Msr-2109 Applications Of Machine Learning In The Field Of Medical Care
Msr-2110 Interpretable Machine Learning In Healthcare Through Generalized Additive Model With Pairwise Interactions (Ga2m): Predicting Severe Retinopathy Of Prematurity*
Msr-2111 Analysis And Prediction Of Cardio Vascular Disease Using Machine Learning Classifiers
Msr-2112 Design Of Restaurant Billing System (E Bill Resto) By Applying Synchronization Of Data Billing In Branch Companies To Main Companies Based On Rest Api
Msr-2113 Building Search Engine Using Machine Learning Technique
Msr-2115 A Study Of Blockchain Technology In Farmer’s Portal
Msr-2116 Improving Lives Of Indebted Farmers Using Deep Learning
Msr-2117 Content Analysis Of Messages In Social Networks, Identification Of Suicidal Types
Msr-2119 Crop Yield Prediction Using Machine Learning Techniques
Msr-2120 Text Classification On Twitter Data
Msr-2121 Automated Machine Learning: The New Wave Of Machine Learning
Msr-2122 Predicting Covid-19 In China Using Hybrid Ai Model
Msr-2123 Scalable Analytics Platform For Machine Learning In Smart Production Systems
Msr-2124 An Application Of A Deep Learning Algorithm For Automatic Detection Of Unexpected Accidents Under Bad Cctv Monitoring Conditions In Tunnels
Msr-2126 End-To-End Conversion Speed Analysis Of An Fpt.Ai-Based Text-To-
Speech Application
Msr-2127 A Corona Recognition Method Based On Visible Light Color And Machine Learning
Msr-2128 Location Prediction On Twitter Using Machine Learning Techniques
Msr-2129 Machine Learning For Web Vulnerability Detection: The Case Of Cross-Site Request Forgery
Msr-2130 Artificial Intelligence And Covid-19 Deep Learning Approaches For
Diagnosis And Treatment
Msr-2131 Generating Cloud Monitors From Models To Secure Clouds
Msr-2132 Leveraging Cnn And Transfer Learning For Vision-Based Human Activity Recognition
Msr-2133 B5g And Explainable Deep Learning Assisted Healthcare Vertical At The Edge Covid-19 Perspective
Msr-2134 Cryptocurrency Price Analysis With Artificial Intelligence
Msr-2135 Image-Based leaf Disease Detetction A Comparison Of Deep Learning And Classical
Msr-2136 Predicting And Defining B2b Sales Success With Machine Learning
Msr-2137 Design And Implementation Of Domestic News Collection System Based On Python
Msr-2138 Data Analysis By Web Scraping Using Python
Msr-2139 A Lightweight Secure Data Sharing Scheme For Mobile Cloud Computing
Msr-2140 A Supervised Machine Learning Algorithm For Heart-Rate Detection Using Doppler Motion-Sensing Radar
Msr-2142 Attribute-Based Cloud Data Integrity Auditing For Secure Outsourced Storage
Msr-2143 Automatic Keyword And Sentence-Based Text Summarization For Software Bug Reports
Msr-2144 News Text Summarization Based On Multi-Feature And Fuzzy Logic
Msr-2145 Automated Machine Learning Approach For Smart Waste Management System
Msr-2146 Digital Vehicle – License, Insurance And Rc Book Tracing For Police
Msr-2149 Rescue Wings: Web Computing And Active Services Support For Disaster Rescue
Msr-2150 Traffic Sign Recognition By Combining Global And Local Features Based On Semi-Supervised Classification
Msr-2151 Video Behavior Profiling For Anomaly Detection
Msr-2152 Heart Disease Prediction Using Bio Inspired Algorithms
Msr-2153 Securing Data With Blockchain And Ai
Msr-2154 Intelligent Agent Based Job Search System In Web Environment
Msr-2155 Automatic Traffic Sign Detection And Recognition Using Segu-Net And A Modified Tversky Loss Function With L1- Constraint
Msr-2156 A Decision Tree Based Recommendation System For Tourists
Msr-2157 Blockchain E-Voting Done Right: Privacy And Transparency With Public Blockchain
Msr-2158 You Tube Spam Detection
Msr-2159 Car Popularity Prediction
Msr-2160 User Behavior Prediction Of Social Hotspots Based On Multi Message Interaction And Neural Network
Msr-2161 On The Personalization Of Classification Models For Human Activity Recognition
Msr-2162 Detection Of Malicious Social Bots Using Learning Automata With Url Features In Twitter Network
Msr-2163 Computer-Aided Diagnosis Of Chronic Kidney Disease In Developing Countries A Comparative Analysis Of Machine Learning Techniques
Msr-2164 Bird Classification Using Binary Relevance Approach With Random Forest
Msr-2165 Performance Analysis On Student Feedback Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Msr-2166 Academic Performance Prediction Based On Multisource, Multi Feature Behavioral Data
Msr-2167 Fingerprint based ATM system
Msr-2168 Machine Learning Based Suicide Ideation Prediction For Military Personnel
Msr-2169 A Lightweight Convolutional Neural Network For Real-Time Facial Expression Detection
Msr-2170 Diabetic Retinopathy Detection By Means Of Deep Learning
Msr-2171 Melanoma Detection Using Convolutional Neural Network
Msr-2173 Diabetes Disease Prediction Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Msr-2174 Crime Type And Occurrence Prediction Using Machine Learning Algorithm
Msr-2175 Image Caption Generator Using Cnn And Lstm
Msr-2177 Predicting Flight Delays With Error Calculation Using Machine Learned Classifiers
Msr-2178 Nse Stock Monitoring & Prediction Using Robotic Process Automation
Msr-2183 A Deep Learning Facial Expression Recognition Based Scoring System For Restaurants
Msr-2184 A Machine Learning Model For Average Fuelconsumption In HeavyVehicles
Msr-2185 Bird Species Identification Using Deep Learning
Msr-2186 Online Depression Detection Application
Msr-2187 Pregbot: A System Based On Ml And Nlp For Supporting Women And
Families During Pregnancy
Msr-2189 Weapon Detection Using Artificial Intelligence And Deep Learning For Security Applications
Msr-2190 Missing Child Identification System Using Deep Learning And Multiclass Svm
Msr-2191 Suspicious Activity Detection
Msr-2193 Movie Recommendation System Using Sentiment Analysis From Microblogging Data
Msr-2194 Deep Learning Applications In Medical Image Analysis
Msr-2195 Classifying Fake News Articles Using Natural Language Processing To Identify In-Article Attribution As A Supervised Learning Estimator
Msr-2196 Real Time Object Detection Using Yolo Algorithm
Msr-2197 Context Based Image Processing Using Machine Learning Approaches
Msr-2198 Detecting Spam Email With Machine Learning Optimized With Bio- Inspired Metaheuristic Algorithms
66 Blockchain Based Ecommerce online application
80 Water Quality Monitoring and Forecasting System
81 Road Traffic Vehicle Detection and Tracking using Deep Learning with Custom-Collected and Public Datasets
83 Iris Recognition Using Machine Learning Technique
84 Captcha Recognition Using CNN
85 Displaying Emoji Based Facial Expression
86 Eye Ball Cursor Movement Using Opencv
87 Lung Cancer Detection using Ensemble Algorithm
88 Machine Learning Methods for Attack Detection in the Smart Grid
89 Email Spam Detection Using Machine Learning Algorithms
90 Electricity Theft Detection In Power Grids With Deep Learning And Random Forests
91 Blockchain Based Certificate Validation
92 Skin Disease Detection And Classification Using Deep Learning Algorithms
93 Fingerprint Compression Based On Sparse Representation
95 Text And Image Plagiarism Detection
96 Honey Bee Image Classification Neural Networks
97 Hand Gesture Recognition using Convolution Neural Networks
99 Supermarket billing System using Webcam
100 Brain Tumour Image Segmentation Using Deep Networks
101 Sentiment Analysis of Movie Review Using Supervised Machine Learning Techniques
102 Student Intervention Detection Using Deep Learning Technique
103 Machine learning for email spam filtering: review, approaches and open research problems
104 Adaptive Safe Semi-Supervised Extreme Machine Learning
105 Vehicle Tracking And Speed Estimation From Traffic Videos
106 Helmet Detection And License Plate Recgnozation Using Cnn
107 Real Time Localized Air Quality Monitoring and Prediction Through Mobile and Fixed IoT Sensing Network
108 Network Intrusion Detection using Supervised Machine Learning Technique with Feature Selection
109 Forecasting Crude Oil Prices: a Deep Learning based Model
110 Video-Based Abnormal Driving Behaviour Detection via Deep Learning Fusions
111 Density Based Smart Traffic Control System UsingCanny Edge Detection Algorithm for CongregatingTraffic Information

Feature extraction for classifying students based on their academic performance 

112 E-Assessment Using Image Processing In Exams
113 A Decision Tree based Recommendation System for Tourists
114 Image Classification Using CNN (Convolution Neural Networks) Algorithm
115 How Data-Driven Entrepreneur Analyzes Imperfect Information for Business Opportunity Evaluation
116 Rainfall prediction using wavelet neural network analysis
117 Sliding Window Blockchain Architecture for Internet of Things
118 Efficient Local Secret Sharing for Distributed Blockchain Systems
119 Brain Stroke Prediction and Analysis of Machine Learning
120 ROAD LANE LINE DETECTION USING OPENCV
121 Sign to Speech Conversion using Machine Learning
122 Fake Product Review Monitoring And Removal For Genuine Online Product Reviews Using Opinion Mining
123 Emotion Based Music Recommendation System
124 Diabetic Retinopathy Identification Using Eye Fundus Images
125 Android Malware Detection Using Genetic Algorithm Based Optimized Feature Selection And Machine Learning
126 Construction Site Accident Analysis Using Text Mining And Natural Language Processing Techniques
127 Automating E-Government using AI
128 A Deep Learning Facial Expression Recognition Based Scoring
System For Restaurants
129 A Machine Learning Model for Average Fuel consumption in heavy vehicles
130 Recommender System With Artificial Intelligence For Fitness Assistance System
131 Lane Detection Of Curving Road For Structural High-Way With Straight-Curve Model On Vision
132 Diabetic Retinopathy Image Synthesis with Generative Adversarial Network
133 Efficient Mining of Frequent Patterns on Uncertain Graphs
134 Online Depression Detection Application
135 Machine Learning For Plant Leaf Disease Detection And Classification
136 Influences In Social Networks
137 Plagiarism Detection Process Using AI
138 Chatbot Application using Deep Learning Algorithm
139 Crime Prediction And Analysis Using Machine Learning
141 Predicting Student Performance with Deep Neural Networks
142 Robust Intelligent Malware Detection Using Deep Learning
143 Pothole Detection System using Convolution Neural Networks
144 Age and Gender Classification using Convolutional Neural Networks
145 Adaptive Safe Semi-Supervised Extreme Machine Learning
146 Opinion Dynamics-Based Group Recommender Systems
147 Spammer Detection and Fake User Identification on Social Networks
Python Special Project List 2022-2023
S.No Project Titles
1 Real Time Vehicle Detection and Counting Using ML
2 Online Tribal Product Selling Application
3 Human Eye Ball Cursor Movement Using Opencv
4 Online E-Assessment Using Image Processing In ∞Exams
5 A Real Time Vehicle Based Suspicious Activity Detection
6 Face Recognition using YOLO Python
7 Density Based Smart Traffic Control System
8 Online e-commerce Shopping Application
9 Online Andhra Pradesh Govt Job Portal
10 College Event Management System
11 Police FIR Management Application
12 During Covid-19 Situation Social Distance Detection Application
13 Web based online Vehicle Service Management Application
14 Online File Management Application
15 Medical Store Bill Management Application
16 Online Railway Reservation Application
17 Student Result Management Application
18 Online web site Sweet Shop Application
19 Leave management Application
20 Human activity recognition using python
21 An Emotion Based Music Player using python
22 Face Mask Detection Application
23 Data Analysis by Web Scraping Using Python
24 Real Time Object Detection Using Yolo
25 Library Management Application using Django
26 Face Recognition Based Attendance Application
27 Social Distancing Detection in Real Time With Al
28 Food Bank Management Application in Django Framework
29 Fire Detection using OpenCV
30 Online Food Order Application Using Django
31 Students Attendance Management Application
32 Railway Reservation Application
33 Student Result Management Application
34 Online Chat room Application
35 Medical Store Management Application
36 Combo Sanke and lader games using django
37 An Emotion Based Music Player using python
38 Distributed File Application
39 School Library Application
40 Employee Information Application
41 Blog News portal application
42 Car Rental Application
43 ecommerce Application with Order tracking
44 Laundry Shop Managament Application
45 File Management Application
46 Inventory Management Mystem
47 Grocery Point Of Sale Application
48 Django School Management Application
49 Chess Game in Web Application
50 Moving Object and Hand, Finger Counting Detection using Frame Differencing
51 Fingerprint based ATM system
52 Handwriting Alphabet and Number Recognition using Machine Learning
53 Brain Stroke Prediction and Analysis of Machine Learning
54 ROAD LANE LINE DETECTION USING OPENCV
55 Sign to Speech Conversion using Machine Learning

Trans population demographics

Life expectancy

• Hughes 2022

Size of the trans population

• https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/pdfplus/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303578 (US estimate)
• https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/220427/dq220427b-eng.htm (Canada census)
• Canada census
• UK census

Average age of realization

• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5316507/

Average age of starting HRT

• https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/trgh.2017.0028
• https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/cen.13835

Gender ratio in the trans population

• https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Noah-Adams/publication/332631511_Size_and_Distribution_of_Transgender_and_Gender_Nonconforming_Populations/links/5e2cc05992851c3aaddac6f0/Size-and-Distribution-of-Transgender-and-Gender-Nonconforming-Populations.pdf

Comorbidities

Transgender-autism comorbidity

• https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-17794-1

ADHD and autism spectrum comorbidity

• https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10803-019-04298-1
• https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-014-0285-3

Elevated rates of addiction in trans people

• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8393320/

Anxiety disorders in the trans population

• https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nessa-Millet/publication/311929841_Prevalence_of_anxiety_symptoms_and_disorders_in_the_transgender_population_A_systematic_review_of_the_literature/links/5ca31cd392851cf0aea7bc11/Prevalence-of-anxiety-symptoms-and-disorders-in-the-transgender-population-A-systematic-review-of-the-literature.pdf

Thyroid disease comorbidity

• https://academic.oup.com/jes/article/5/Supplement_1/A837/6241140

Fertility

Unexpectedly low fertility of pre-HRT trans women

• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6708020/
• https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s43032-021-00561-y
• https://www.fertstert.org/article/S0015-0282(1830670-8/fulltext

Recovery of fertility after stopping HRT

• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26559385/
• https://www.upmc.com/media/news/080519-valli-trans-sperm-recovery

Reference ranges

Testosterone reference range in cis men

• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5460736/

Estradiol reference range in children and teens

• https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/cclm.2002.202/html

Mean testosterone in cis teen boys

• https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0108838

Breast development

Testosterone level is negatively correlated with breast development

• https://eje.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/eje/182/2/EJE-19-0463.xml

Average breast size by time on HRT

• https://academic.oup.com/jcem/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1210/clinem/dgaa841/5988990

Estrone has no effect on fat redistribution or breast development

• https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/107/2/e458/6387192

High estradiol and spironolactone use as predictors of breast augmentation

• https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/97/12/4422/2536439

Theories of what makes people trans

Transgender as a paraphilia

• http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.368.6837&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Fiction and literature

List of transgender science fiction and fantasy

• https://www.reddit.com/asktransgendecomments/q9hdk2/i_compiled_a_list_of_250_science_fiction_and/

Dosages and levels

Effects of estradiol patches alone on testosterone levels in cis men

• https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/103/4/1393/4801230

Oral estradiol is absorbed more slowly when taken with food

• https://accp1.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0091270002239706

Testosterone levels return to normal 3 to 6 months after stopping spironolactone

• https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/epdf/10.7326/0003-4819-87-4-398 (was https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.906.6716&rep=rep1&type=pdf)

Hair

Effects of HRT on body and facial hair

• https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/85/8/2913/2853998
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/20614882_Spironolactone_with_physiological_female_steroids_for_presurgical_therapy_of_male-to-female_transsexualism
• https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01579291

Uncategorized

High testosterone in a trans woman because of a tumor

• https://academic.oup.com/jes/article/4/7/bvaa074/5859543

Voice

Frequency ranges of teenage voices

• https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.459.6936&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Well-being

Transgender people are more likely to be the victims of crime

• https://escholarship.org/content/qt2gz31123/qt2gz31123.pdf

Improvements in mental health of trans people from HRT

• https://ijpeonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13633-020-00078-2
• https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/andr.12884
• https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/abs/10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.19010080?journalCode=ajp

Side effects

Increased risk of gall bladder disease from estradiol

• https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/200193

Weight

BMI has no effect on ability to reach hormone level targets

• https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2042018820924543

Weight gain on HRT

• https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/and.12660
• https://www.endocrine-abstracts.org/ea/0041/ea0041EP397
• https://eje.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/eje/178/2/EJE-17-0496.xml
• https://www.nature.com/articles/s41366-021-00935-x

Testosterone levels increase with endurance training

• https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00868080

Reasons for detransition

• https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-021-02163-w

Single-testicle orchiectomy reduces testosterone levels

• https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12032-017-0943-0

Effects of transition on athletic ability

• https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40279-020-01389-3

Spironolactone raises LH

• https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2265.1978.tb03578.x

Alcohol elevates testosterone in cis men

• https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1530-0277.1998.tb03694.x

High testosterone level in spite of castration

• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1179568/

Reaching stable hormone levels takes 9 months

• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29144822/

Breast growth unaffected by stopping and restarting HRT

• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3013122/ / https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1987-11207-001 / https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01542220

Against conversion therapy

• https://sci-hub.se/10.1001/jama.1953.03690050015006
• https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/285400 (Hamburger 1953)
• https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1954.8.2.219 (Benjamin 1954)
• https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00224496709550519 (Benjamin 1967)

Reduction of testosterone from licorice consumption

• https://tahomaclinic.com/Private/Articles1/Testosterone/Armanini%202003%20-%20Licorice%20consumption%20and%20serum%20testosterone%20in%20healthy%20man.pdf

Risks of heart disease

• https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.119.005597

Finasteride does not cause osteoporosis

• https://www.auajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1016/S0022-5347%2805%2965095-1

Eunuchs in the bible

• https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah%2056&version=NIV

There are no placebo studies of HRT

• https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsdoi/10.1002/14651858.CD013138.pub2/full

Hormone levels by administration method

• https://www.endocrinepractice.org/article/S1530-891X(2048321-1/fulltext
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1530891X20483211

There are no good studies of desistance rates

• https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/trgh.2020.0129

Hair regrowth

• https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/trgh.2016.0022

Arthritis in trans people

• https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/9/6/696

Brain structure of trans people

• https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811920301002
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213158220303545

Trans OCD case study

• https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2376060520306027
• https://journals.aace.com/doi/pdf/10.4158/EP161223.CR

HRT regret rate

• https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15532739.2011.675233

No linkage between premature birth and being trans

• https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19317611.2019.1653414

Allowed testosterone level for female athletes

• https://www.worldathletics.org/about-iaaf/documents/health-science

Distribution of baseline hormone levels

• https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Joshua-Safepublication/321119884_Testosterone_Levels_Achieved_by_Medically_Treated_Transgender_Women_in_a_United_States_Endocrinology_Clinic_Cohort/links/5a5fd2520f7e9b964a1eda67/Testosterone-Levels-Achieved-by-Medically-Treated-Transgender-Women-in-a-United-States-Endocrinology-Clinic-Cohort.pdf

De Blok 2018 breast

• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29165635/
• https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/103/2/532/4642966

De Blok 2020

• https://academic.oup.com/jcem/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1210/clinem/dgaa841/5988990

Estrogen receptors of the lacrimal gland

• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235751985_Immunohistochemical_detection_of_estrogen_and_progesterone_receptors_in_the_human_lacrimal_gland
• http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0354-4664/2011/0354-46641102319G.pdf

Elevated risk of blood clots with conjugated estrogens

• https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J485v09n03_06

Biotin corruption of blood test results

• https://www.labcorp.com/tests/004515/estradiol

Cis men can't tell whether they have an estradiol patch or placebo; testosterone level is lowered

• https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/81/10/3639/2650007?login=true

Rapid lowering of testosterone from estradiol

• https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/103/4/1393/4801230

BMI has no effect on breast development

• https://eje.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/eje/182/2/EJE-19-0463.xml

Trans women unusually interested in computers in 1974

• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4592953

Average estradiol level achieved from patches

• https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1530891X20483211

Paper that introduced the concept of gender dysphoria

• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1130142/pdf/westjmed00309-0060.pdf

Effects of orgasm on hormone levels

• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11760788/

Early life of David Reimer

• https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01541887

Wearing tights reduces stress

• https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12221-010-0128-3.pdf
• https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/15/8/1710

Effects of testosterone on cholesterol

• https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/andr.12382

Daily estradiol cycle in day-shift vs. night-shift workers

• https://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/cebp/24/5/854.full.pdf

Daily hormone cycle

• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2681273/

Spironolactone dosing as anti-acne medication

• https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001731020301277?via%3Dihub

Lower estradiol dose required with higher BMI

• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6477580/

Male progesterone reference range

• https://www.hormonebalance.org/images/documents/Oettel%2004%20Progesterone%20MEN%20AM_1313008091.pdf

Desistance study that counted lost to followup as desisted

• https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1359104510378303

Progesterone inhibits conversion of testosterone to DHT

• https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article-abstract/38/1/142/2686326

Effects of testosterone and DHT on facial and body hair growth

• https://academic.oup.com/edrv/article/21/4/347/2423803?login=true
• https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb00423.x

Baseline testosterone level depressed in trans women

• https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00224497509550886?journalCode=hjsr20

Where the "born in the wrong body" meme came from

• http://dspace.library.uvic.ca/bitstream/handle/1828/13627/Dominic_Kimi_PhD_2021.pdf

Ethel Person's theory of transgender upbringing

• https://psychotherapy.psychiatryonline.org/doi/abs/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1974.28.2.174

Antihistamine effect of estradiol

• https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/196448
• https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1165/rcmb.2007-0298OC

Startle reflex

• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC6050032/

Abstention from orgasm raises testosterone levels

• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11760788/

Studies of transgender parents

• https://doi.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Ffam0000776
• https://escholarship.org/content/qt3rp0v7qv/qt3rp0v7qv.pdf

Theory of hormone cycles in trans women

• https://curvyandtrans.com/p/C4BD87/cycle-dynamics

Prolonged endurance exercise lowers testosterone levels

• https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Anthony-Hackney/publication/8111716_Relationship_between_stress_hormones_and_testosterone_with_prolonged_endurance_exercise/links/00b4953bfcb19829f3000000/Relationship-between-stress-hormones-and-testosterone-with-prolonged-endurance-exercise.pdf

Role of estrone in hair growth

• https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/99/4/1393/2537484

Nonbinary hormone strategies

• https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/6/1609

Annual cycle of testosterone level and beard growth

• https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb00423.x

Testosterone drop with rapid weight loss

• https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-2008-1038604

Estradiol reduces protein consumption in cis men

• https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/103/4/1393/4801230

Rate of drop in testosterone levels from spironolactone

• https://www.auajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1016/S0022-5347%2817%2967001-0

Migraines more common with higher estradiol

• https://n.neurology.org/content/91/4/e374

Hypothyroidism more common with higher estradiol

• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC3113168/

What being trans feels like

• https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07351690.2015.1087289

Surgery regret rate

• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC8099405/
• https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2014.00087/full

HRT regret rate

• https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15532739.2011.675233

First transgender use of puberty blockers

• https://www.transperheet.fi/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Pediatrics-2012-Spack-418-25.pdf

Heat stability of estradiol

• https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf103064q

Chimerism

• https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Celia-Ross/publication/316991272_Understanding_diversity_in_nursing_homes_Do_some_transgendered_individuals_also_have_tetragametic_chimerism_and_if_so_would_this_influence_how_they_are_perceived_by_care_givers/links/591c5c56a6fdcc3f521e9cdb/Understanding-diversity-in-nursing-homes-Do-some-transgendered-individuals-also-have-tetragametic-chimerism-and-if-so-would-this-influence-how-they-are-perceived-by-care-givers.pdf

Topical estradiol on the face does not affect serum estradiol

• https://tahomaclinic.com/Private/Articles3/SkinAging/Patriarca%202007%20-%20Effects%20of%20topical%20estradiol%20on%20the%20facial%20skin%20collagen.pdf

Voice differences by gender in young children

• https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/feb/16/child-gender-speech-age-five-research-university-minnesota

Bioavailability of spironolactone higher when taken with food

• https://ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1038/clpt.1986.219

Theory of trans life cycle or something

• http://www.avitale.com/developmentalreview.htm

Castrati

• https://hekint.org/2017/01/30/the-castrati-a-physicians-perspective-part-2/

Link between gender identity and finger length ratio

• https://doc.rero.ch/record/320281/files/10508_2007_Article_9262.pdf
• https://www.endocrinepractice.org/article/S1530-891X(2035801-8/fulltext

Attempt to find genetic cause of gender identity

• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23324476/

Time to effectiveness of spironolactone

• https://www.auajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1016/S0022-5347%2817%2967001-0

Elevated testosterone after beginning spironolactone

• https://ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cpt1978244465

Effects of natural and artificial sweeteners on hormone production

• http://etd.uwc.ac.za/bitstream/handle/11394/1820/Rahiman_DSC_2011.pdf?sequence=1

The Utrecht Gender Dysphoria Scale

• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7430422/pdf/WIJT_21_1723460.pdf

Early definition of gender dysphoria

• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4592953/

Mountain climbing lowers testosterone

• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3397035/

ADHD and hypothyroidism

• https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/thy.1997.7.389

Gynecomastia from spironolactone

• https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.906.6716&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Testosterone elevated during arousal

• https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s003450100222.pdf

Informed consent process

• https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0022167817745217

High potassium lowers heart rate

• https://heart.bmj.com/content/92/8/1063

Testosterone's effect on alcohol tolerance

• https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0006295280905821

Estradiol levels as non-predictor of outcomes

• https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/trgh.2020.0077

Utility of progesterone

• https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/104/4/1181/5270376?login=true
• https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/104/8/3127/5372732
• https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/104/8/3129/5372735

Estradiol as treatment for schizophrenia in men

• https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0920996410015847

Areas of the face from which people make gender determinations

• https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1111/1467-9280.00472
• https://jov.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2193317

Cis female estradiol reference range

• https://doc.rero.ch/record/296442/files/cclm.2006.160.pdf

How medicine talked about trans people before the concept of trans people existed

• https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-020-01715-w

Progesterone inhibits conversion of testosterone to DHT

• https://tahomaclinic.com/Private/Articles1/Testosterone/Mauvais-Jarvis%201974%20-%20Inhibition%20of%20testosterone%20to%20dihydrotestosterone%20in%20men%20by%20progesterone.pdf

Spectrum recently called my wife and said our speed had been upgraded to 500 Mbps. Speed test confirmed I was getting those speeds. Then we started getting disconnects, the internet would fall off. sometimes for a few minutes/a minute. Then Back up. might go 15 mins, 30 minutes, 6 hours until it would happen again. a few days it was like every few minutes for several hours ourt of the day.
Wife called them, tech support said our Arris modem couldn't handle the new speed, just take it into a spectrum store and get a newer replacement and it will fix the issue. (That awful experience is a separate story, horrible attitudes, rude behavior to every customer in the place.) Was given a Hitron EN2251. I plugged it in and it would not bond. Called support after an eternity on hold, get a fast talking tech. He goes to the script, unplug it all, plug it back in. (I had previously done this X2) I hear him typing, all the lights light up (Unlike previous reboots) and it restarts, blinking..blinking..Ahh the solid blue good bond lights are lit like the linked manual refer to. He tells me I still cannot see it. I need to schedule a tech to check the lines. (The same lines that were previously speed testing at 500 with the old modem, they told me could do 500, WTH?) I say okay. Decide to test after I get off the phone. Try accessing sites and get weird certificate errors and ultimately dns failures. Smart TV's go nowhere.
For giggles on my main computer, I fire up my VPN (ExpressVPN) and lo and behold, it connects. Mind you a speed test says I am pulling 40 27 Mbps and 2 up. But it connects and works. So I go to see if I can configure the VPN on my router. Nope, not supported. (ASUS RT-ACRH17) So for giggles I change to manual DNS and plug in Cloudflare's Fats and secure 1.1.1.1 And 1.0.0.1. Much to my surprise smart tv's work, peoples tablets and phones now work. but again at the slow speed around 27 Mbps when I speed test from he router itself.
So what the heck is really wrong? What magic words do I need to whisper OR yell at tech support to get my connection right. Sure feels like a backend problem on their end. When I login to their site, it lists my equipment as the old Arris modem. Says I have to call to add equipment.
Did he miss a step? do I call again and again until I get someone competent? Nothing has changed with my wires, I inspected all the way to the street, nothing appears different. How would they just suddenly be bad? Why should I believe them when they told me the modem would fix it, but then made it completely non-functional until I hacked a kludge together to get something out of this very expensive connection that my family will go mad without. Don't want to wait days for some half-assed contractor to show up and get know where. Taking any and all suggestions.

Many people think Portfolio Margin is just the end game or final destination on their own path through trading. Take a minute to reflect through your own path of discovery of unlocking more margin, more power, yet with more responsibility.
For me, my own path:

• 2010: $5,000 opened my first brokerage account, an Roth IRA account at Vanguard and googled around, found Bogleheads. Was passive investor for a while and insanely focused on career.
• 2013: Discovered Reddit and /financialindependence changed my life.
• 2014: $5,000 opened cash taxable brokerage account. Got hit with a freeriding violation, googled that shit, enabled margin. Discovered /wallstreetbets lost money buying 50% OTM GILD calls. Kept to passive investing.
• 2016: Took selling theta seriously (tasty-works style.) Started off spreads. At $10k TDA gave me naked options margin. Was annoyed with being limited to 4 day trades a day. Hit $25k in summer - mind blown that all a sudden TDA would let me spin it on up to $100k - 4x with intraday margin. Likewise TDA let me have Intraday Futures Margin by signing their form.
• 2016: Interview rounds in the whole industry from the biggest option firms in the world to the smallest prop firms. I toured them all. Two offers from two top option firms. I decided to shoot for portfolio margin instead.
• 2020: Unlocked Portfolio Margin

You can see how hitting each milestone allows one to to learn, grow, and compound their accounts better, faster, and with more skill. $2k margin account. $10k unlocked naked privileges for me. $25k PDT unlocks the door to the margin needed to day-trade equities with the same leverage you'd get from scalping futures. We all know about PM here in this subreddit.
I'm going to open the door for everyone. The path does not end with retail Portfolio Margin. I was really excited to have hit $250k in my account a second time (highest in taxable was $400k b4 house, $330k after house.) I'll tell you why:
There is more portfolio margin offerings past the initial offerings of TD Ameritrade and the like! Getting Retail PM is just another step on a journey of your trading career path however you want it to be.

The Two Paths Ahead of You

So the two paths are both amazing career paths, however they both have one thing that I feel they share in common: the beginning of the end of retail trading. As you advance on these paths you'll face more regulations with the more privileges and reductions of margin you get. The further you go down these paths the less trading is "retail" and becomes more "professional."
For instance - being on Portfolio Margin at TD Ameritrade they expect you to know the house rules, the Short Unit Test, Point of No Return rules (PNR), and so on. They're friendly to talk you through it and explain it of course. The whole idea though is with greater margin/leverage/risk comes greater responsibilities.
I've separated the two career paths into the "less regulated path" - this is blending still largely retail trading (your option orders will still be marked non professional) but expectations to complying with the above frameworks and not giving your broker a heart attack, to the more regulated path where you have licensing requirements, exams, tests and if you fuck up its much easier for fines/exchange censures/etc.
Of course - you can stick to regular portfolio margin! Many people can and do. I just haven't seen any post like this anywhere on Reddit OR the internet at all. I want to share with you all!

The Less Regulated Path

Prime Brokerage Account Unlock Requirement: Maintaining $500,000 net liquidation at all times What Brokers Like to See: $1m+ (so you can survive a 50% drawdown.)
On the less regulated path this is obtaining a prime-brokerage account. If you're able to maintain $500k net-liq (per OCC overnight values) by the close of each trading day you unlock some major major benefits. The biggest benefits getting a prime brokerage account is:

• Allowed to execute away from your broker. You're still bound to PDT rules at $500k.
• Execution quality improvements - being allowed to execute away lets you connect directly to an exchange or send trades to multiple brokers!
• Since you can execute with multiple brokers - you can locate hard to borrow shares with different brokers. Execute short sells at IBKR, TDA, and others who have short inventory, etc!
• Possible access to dark pools/block trades.
• Access to better order types (Sadly enabling "advanced features" for PM at TDA gets rid of FOK - fill or kill!)
• Access to MUCH better trading APIs/Orders than TDA/IBKR, for example: https://www.tradewex.com/Home/Integration
• Networking - Capital Introduction if you want to raise money to start a hedge fund.

This is a quasi-state of "sophisticated" "prosumer" retail, you have access to brokers that people haven't heard of, and if your trading strategy is really refined at this point - you know what exactly your needs are and so on.
Different prime brokers might have much better locates available than what TD Ameritrade has if you're a short seller. If you have a really profitable options trading strategy but are annoyed that TOS seems to take 1-2 seconds to route your orders - you can find a good Direct Market Access broker that is already colo-located with the exchange you like to trade.
You might also get some extra margin relief vs TD Ameritrade gives you.
Regulation issues you might face at this level:

• If you want to execute away at $500k - $5m - you have to provide a real time drop file of your trades, or use a broker that does so to ensure you don't violate PDT rules.
• Might have very specific custom agreements. Might need to retain legal advice if its your first time!
• If you prime-broker with Goldman Sachs they make you apply a value-at-risk stress test to your portfolio.
• If your software directly connects with an exchange they have specific testing requirements that you might have to hire a consultant for. You're also going to have to sign and agree to exchange requirements/rules/procedures vs being a retail trader who the broker is supposed to know most of this.
• TONS of regulations if you want to start a hedge fund and invest OPM - other people's money.

$5m Prime Brokerage Account Unlock Requirement: Maintaining $5,000,000 net liquidation at all times What Brokers Like to See: $10m+ (so you can survive a 50% drawdown.)
This is the grand-daddy prime brokerage account. At this level the handcuffs come off. You can do anything a hedge fund can do. The options are endless:

• Get full TIMS margin. Lightspeed offers that for $5m+ - No additional 20% of exchange mandated portfolio margin requirement
• PDT rules don't apply to $5m+ prime brokerage accounts. Go nuts making large day trades. Must close above $5m each day.
• If you want to self clear - you get access to STANS margin (lets you offset risk with futures positions.)
• Definitely full access to any dark pools and block trading at this level. Have nuts placing a buy order of 200,000 of MSFT, getting the average price of the last 5 minutes of retail trades, and your 200k share buy doesn't affect the market until after the print of the trade.
• You have the same trading privileges of any hedge fund - so you can start one yourself if you want to!

Regulation issues you might face at this level:

• You might be subject to Large Trader Reporting - essentially the SEC will review all of your trades if you trade 2 million shares or $20 million in a day, or 20 million shares/$200 million in a month. Easy to cross this threshold if you hit $5m with a 4x PDT strategy!
• Did you know options have position limits? Some are as low as 25,000 contracts!
• If you self clear - tons of regulations!
• If you use dark pools - tons of regulations on how you access and use these systems. HFT firms get kicked out all the time by abusing stuff like sending FOK orders to probe dark pool liquidity... then get invited back as they were actually helping with liquidity... then getting kicked off again as they front-ran the limbering institutional inside there too much.
• If you start a hedge fund and take other peoples' money - shit ton of regulations. Good luck!
• If you hire other traders - make sure they don't start spoofing or creating manipulative trades on behalf of your firm! Now you have to conduct your own surveillance activities.

The More Regulated Path

Did you know Portfolio Margin existed for Clearing Firm members in 1986? Did you know you could have traded on Portfolio Margin as early as ~1994 if you got floor access to the various exchange trading floors? At the time it was called risk based haircuts. Portfolio Margin evolved to give retail the same advantages and risks that Floor Traders and Floor Brokers have been enjoying for years and years!
All the steps here on this path require licensing - full stop. Licensing requires a lot of study, regulations, background checks, a moral and ethical code, good moral character, possible restrictions on trading in your own accounts, possible restrictions on strategies, leverage controls, risk management, and so on. You'll be registering with a ton of regulatory bodies (the SEC, FINRA, Exchanges, SIPC, etc) depending on what you want to do. From this point you'll be paying pro data fees for your home account, pro data fees for anything else, etc.
At this level - you are beginning to be treated less as an individual and more as a firm the more you progress.
The benefits are mentorship, community, organization, learning from people who have done it before you, and so on.
This guide will cover the Net Capital Rules
Proprietary Trading Requirements: $0 to $50k+
So, I debated mentioning prop trading or not. Most shops suck ass and stick traders to reg-t limits with risk controls. However in my interview circuit one VERY REPUTIABLE firm was willing to let me have PM at $50k with my money gone first with haircuts, 1 year before I could withdraw my deposit. They didn't allow ANYONE to trade options but they reviewed my brokerage statements and felt safe with me given my track record/so on. I decided against it as they wanted a 80/20 split where they'd take 20% profit. Secondly - risk controls seemed too great for me. Third - wanted monthly reports on the strategy while equity traders were 100% discretionary with no reports. They offered up to 10x leverage for equities, and 30x with written permission for stuff like merg-arb.
Pros:

• Quickest route to actual leverage past reg-t limits without having $ for PM.
• Possibly K-1 or 1099. If 1099 it's self employment income allowing you to contribute to a solo 401k. If it's k1 its pass-through cap gains. The firm that offered me PM was cap-gains.
• Mentorship.

Cons:

• Charges a ton for trade fees (huge markup over IBKR, clearly a profit center for them), software fees (huge markup over IBKR), pro data fees (another markup), and so on. I'd say 2x.
• Questionable how profitable you'd be with 2x markup on everything.

Regulation Issues:

• Licensing - 1 or more series licenses as you're trading other peoples money (firm money). At this level though you're going to be mentored like crazy, risk monitored like crazy, and subject to real risk controls.

Floor TradeFloor Broker Requirements: Maintaining $100,000 net liquidation at all times
This was the OG portfolio margin back in the day. Get your various series licenses, pass a written and oral exam, and you get to trade on the floor, with all the leverage available to you. What is the difference between a floor trader and a floor broker? A floor trader trades for his own account. A floor broker trades for other peoples' accounts.
Pros:

• MAJOR Tax Advantages. Owning/Leasing a seat on an options exchange makes your option trades 60/40 long-term/short term capital gains tax with NO wash sales.
• Before retail-PM came about in 2007 this was the ONLY way to get Portfolio Margin like relief. If you're ever in a time traveling situation now you know how to get PM if you've found yourself in the past.
• Besides tax advantages - The biggest thing you get today being a floor trader is access:
• Access to dark pool systems much quicker than $500k/$5m above retail-prime-brokerage cutoffs.
• Access to placing orders directly on exchanges much quicker than $500k/$5m cutoffs.
• Access to upstairs liquidity providers - if you're trading 1,000 contracts you can get some quotes on a bid and ask for both sides from other floor brokers/floor traders, possibly better pricing than the electronic markets.
• Access to other professionals - sharing an office, and so on.
• Floor Broker: Get paid to run other peoples accounts/trade on their behalf for commission/fees/etc.

Cons:

• Marked "floor" for option orders. (yup there's actually 3 markings of trades! retail, professional, and floor!)
• Have to buy/lease a seat. Expensive $$$
• Approved software that interacts with exchanges is expensive. $$$
• Writing your own software has testing requirements that's less expensive. $
• Have to get licensed/take tests. Floor trader = way less regulations (CBOE manual goes back and forth on requiring a floor TRADER to have a series license since they're trading their own account - might have to phone call them.)
• In a professional environment - I'm not sure what the mentorship is like for a floor trader vs the MM route. My gut feeling its more swimming on your own.
• Subject to exchange fines.
• In the past physical presence was required - you had to physically trade on the floor. I'm not sure how it is today post covid if it's still the same if you go this route. CBOE appears to be relaxing the requirement for floor presence, especially if you trade your own account. YMMV with other exchanges (nasdaq, NYSE, etc.)

Regulation Issues:

• You've taken professional tests. You've paid professional dues. You've gotten professional tax advantages. You'll be upheld to much more regulations than a retail WSBer spinning $100k in a PM account.
• Significant regulations if you go the floor broker route. Floor trader is mostly regulations around system access and so on since you're trading your own account.

If you're trading your own account your career path stops here unless you go to Prime Brokerage above or start a hedge fund. You've already achieved access to placing orders directly on the CBOE or whatever exchange(s) suits your fancy. You already have access to various dark pools and the like, well before needing $500k for "quasi-retail" to be allowed to execute away. Go make a shit ton of money. That is... unless you want to get on the market making side.
Market Maker Requirements: Maintaining $250,000 net liquidation at all times What brokers like to see: $500k+ (survive 50% drawdown)
So for $250k you can get PM and be an actual Market Maker in options or equities! Yup, for that low of $250k! Robert Morse covers a crap ton of market maker advantages that are just crazy! I'll post these here and add on my own:

• Option Market Makers income is 60% capital gain/40% short term (same as a floor trader.)
• Option Market Makers are taxed based on MTM with no wash sales (same as a floor trader.)
• Option Market Makers do not require a located on HTB stocks to sell short-customers do.
• Option Market Makers are not required to tag bid/offers as open/close-customers must.
• Option Market Makers get market maker margin which is better than Portfolio Margin
• Option Market Makers can change many bids/offer with a single message-non-members have to cancel/replace each order

But wait - that is not all! There is more that Options Market Makers get in terms of advantages:

• Inspect the order book! Yup! Market Makers get to see the entire order book - hidden orders, firm flags (IBKR orders, TD Ameritrade orders), professional status of the order (retail, professional, floor), Order Flags("Buy to close vs Buy to Open) and so on. Yes Market Makers can tell the difference between a Robinhood Order, a TD Ameritrade Order, and an IBKR Order!
• Inspect the Complex Order Book (COB) - Now you can see all the resting spreads. Feel free to pick off the profitable spreads!
• Send responses to Price Improvement Auctions. Did you know Price Improvement Auctions actually ping market makers asking them to submit a bid or an offer?
• Still have the ability to trade for other firms like prop-trading. You can join a Designated Primary Market Maker like Citadel and market-make under them with your $250k net-liq market-making permit.
• Have the ability to respond to flash orders. Market Makers get to see orders for 50 ms before the public do for orders routed to the CBOE Exchange. The SEC Banned Flash Orders in 2009 but if we look at the CBOE's Step-Up Mechanism we see flash orders are alive and well on options exchanges! "Cboe SUM Auctions provide execution opportunity by exposing marketable orders prior to (1) routing to an away market, (2) canceling an order back or (3) booking the order on the Exchange. The period of time the SUM Auction order will be exposed is 50 ms."

Cons:

• Buy or lease a seat on the exchange you want to Market Make.
• Expensive. Professional accounting REQUIRED - $1k - $1.5k/mo.
• Market-Making software is rare like Actant Quote - $3.5k/mo
• Probably $12k/mo in business expenses all-in given all the regulations, clearing, etc.
• Subject to exchange fines.
• Delta hedging required/strongly suggested at these low levels.
• Restricted from Acting as a Market Maker and Floor Broker(Trader) in Same Security/Related Securities in the Same Business Day.

Regulation Issues

• Need broker-dealer licensing. Full stop - from here on you're fully licensed and subject to a lot more red tape.
• You're treated as a firm. Even if it's all just you as a sole-proprietorship - this is the end of individual trading. From here on you are now a firm.
• Required to have your books and records open to inspection of the exchanges you market-make with. Yup - the exchanges get to inspect all your accounting and every trade/order!
• Need professional accounting - see above why.
• Subject to quoting requirements. At this level you are told by your Lead or Designated Market Maker which options and series to quote per the exchange rulebook's time and series quoting requirements. For instance if you join CBOE they require 90% of time and 60% of series (strikes) for quoting options. If you join NYSE they are much more relaxed - 60% of time of quoting and no % of series requirements.
• Firewall Requirements - if your firm also does prop trading they CANNOT know about the market-making sides. Imagine the advantage it gives knowing the order book. It's such an issue that Madoff hid his ponzi scheme for years by successfully misleading the SEC by making them think there was a firewall leak between his legit market-making side of his firm and his legit prop-side of the firm.
• "Except under unusual circumstances and with the prior permission of a Floor Official, no Trading Permit Holder shall, on the same business day, act as a Market-Maker and also act as a Floor Broker (i) with respect to option contracts traded at a given station, or (ii) in any security determined by the Exchange to be related to such a security."
• Market Making at this level feels more like prop-trading in that there is mentorship but you're trading your own capital and not other peoples' capital but it's also very competitive. Exchange rulebooks require competition between Market Makers.

Lead Market Maker Requirements: Maintaining $1,000,000 net liquidation at all times
Pros:

• Get to quote more stocks/option classes
• Possibly boss around Market Makers if you're trading for a Designated Primary Market Maker like Citadel?

Cons:

• Nothing I can think of much that wasn't already covered.

Honestly it's a step up in market making - but being an outsider and pouring over all the exchange rulebooks, etc., I don't clearly understand any major advantages on getting the lead level lets you have. If anyone is familiar with this - please let me know!
Designated Primary Market Maker Requirements: Maintaining $7,000,000 net liquidation at all times
Formerly known as a specialist - You're now swimming with the big boys - Citadel and the like. Achieving this level means you are the official market maker for one or more stocks with the exchange(s) you have a seat on. If you're doing equities - you are the point of contact for your stock. You're the point of contact for the options or the stock for the exchange it is listed on.
For options I'm still really in the dark as to what level this gives you in terms of advantages over better selection of stocks and so on to market make in.
Pros:

• Corner the market... literally on your exchange, per CBOE C1 Rulebook: "Only one DPM may be appointed per class."
• Ability to participate in payment for order flow. Given your size brokers will be happy to sign PFOF agreements.
• Huge advantages for equity traders being the source of liquidity. I'm not sure on the options side vs what we already covered above.
• At the $7m level it looks like it's possible that delta hedging isn't required, given SIG recently getting in trouble for violating option position limits. Either way - they used market-making to build up speculative positions instead of delta hedging them.
• You can obtain Market-Making permits and hire individual market makers to help you make markets.

Cons:

• Better be careful what you pick to be a DPM of: "A DPM's allocation in an option class or group of classes is non-transferable unless approved by the Exchange."
• SEC just nuked Payment for Order Flow.

Starting your own Brokerage Firm Requirements: Maintaining $100,000 net liquidation at all times
This is the final career path in the more regulated side. If your trading edge has died and you can't mine the gold yourself, you still can sell the pick axes and shovels. FINRA requires $100k of net capital and licensing, and your state(s) might require more. The same Floor Broker stuff we talked about. If you're tired of all the options available in brokers - slow routing, bad APIs, etc, you can say hit up Interactive Brokers and mark up their fees by 15x if you have some new innovative take on being a broker and can attract a ton of client accounts and so forth:
Client markups by introducing brokers are limited to 15 times IBKR's highest tiered rate plus external fees.
This last section is talking about opening up another Robinhood/TD Ameritrade brokerage business, etc for the Public. You can already privately trade on PM for a lot less as a regulated floor broker.
Pros:

• Opening a brokerage business TO THE PUBLIC - to allow the public to place trades, instead of trading on behalf of other people.
• Possibly get lots of passive income from non-invested money, lending out shares to short, fee markups/etc.
• Entrepreneurs dream. Robinhood started off with an app and broke huge ground.
• Quick to start off by being an Introducing Broker. Basically resell IBKR or Lightspeed services but with your own website/branding/functionality.

Cons:

• Red tape galore - lots of legalities, licensing, even more than all the above career paths as now you're openly advertising a brokerage website/services to the PUBLIC.
• Full on business - end of discussion.
• Probably going to need lots of employees to help you with everything.
• Probably need a lot more than the minimum FINA capital requirements realistically.
• Not for the faint of the heart.

Offering Reg-T Options Margin at your own Brokerage Requirements: Maintaining $1,000,000 net liquidation at all times
Pros:

• Your customers now can gamble on Reg-T margined Options by placing their own trades.

Cons:

• It's your money at line if your customers blow up and you can't recover your customers assets.
• By allowing options trading - you become a member of the OCC - Options Clearing Corporation, which backs all option contracts. Legally the OCC is the buyer and seller of all options and they guarantee the performance if an individual busts an account. You might have OCC member payments due if another brokerage goes bankrupt to ensure the integrity of the options clearing corporation.

Offering Portfolio Margin at your own Brokerage
Requirements: Maintaining $25,000,000 net liquidation at all times AFTER RISK BASED HAIRCUTS - ie a brokerage firm has to have $25m AFTER the SPX drops 20%!
Pros:

• Your customers can now have PM! If ya'll don't like the current offerings of TDA, Charles Scwhab, etc., if you can collectively get $25m together for a firm we can start a new PM Traders Brokerage.

Cons/Unique Regulation Issues:

• You're required to pass the SPX Beta Test as a brokerage firm and also if you want to be a TPH (Trading Permit Holder) of CBOE - you're required to pass that with +40% vix levels too! Now you know why TDA is on our butts about passing the SPX Beta Test as they collectively have to pass as well per exchange rules!
• Capital Calls - Biggest issue I've found for brokers offering PM is if your equity falls due to your customers' trading - you have to get more equity within 5 business days for each million you're under $25m. That means you will be having to establish credit lines with Goldman Sachs and the like to fund these additional capital calls. More risky your PM customers are = more credit you have to borrow from the investment bankers. This equity is based off your biggest loss - most likely a 20% downward move in SPX.
• $1m equity per PM customer at max loss on TIMS. In addition to $25m firm equity - each PM customer that signs up requires you to get $1m of equity per PM account - may be drawn as a line of credit as well. So if you have a PM customer with $2.5m equity but they're looking at a $5m total loss on a 20% down move on SPX, you'll need to match $3m of your own money to that account (rounded up to nearest $1m.) This is also due within 5 days of risk breach. This explains Lightspeed's Maximum Dollar Risk Rules
• If your retail customers blow up a PM account and you can't recover funds from them - your own money is at risk.

So guys, now you know why TDA has these house margin rules. It boils down from FINRA requirements and Exchange Requirements and collectively not just our money is at stake but our brokers' money is at stake!

Prime Brokers List

Here's a list of Prime Brokers, in no particular order:

• Lightspeed (also has PM) - https://lightspeed.com/institutional-services/prime-brokerage
• Bank of America Merrill Lynch - ML Prime - https://markets.ml.com/login/mlprime
• DASH (also offers PM) - https://dashprime.com/
• Goldman Sachs - https://www.goldmansachs.com/what-we-do/FICC-and-equities/prime-services/index.html
• Interactive Brokers - https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/trading/prime-broker-services.php
• Morgan Stanley Matrix (might also offer PM) - https://www.morganstanley.com/matrixvision/

Execution Providers List

Here is a list of Execution Providers - broker-dealers that you can execute away trades with for more efficiency without being a member of an exchange yourself:

• Matrix Executions - https://www.matrixexecutions.com/
• Trading Technologies - https://www.tradingtechnologies.com/
• Dynamex Trading & Execution - https://dynamextrading.com/cmta-dvp-agreements/
• Wolverine Execution Services - https://www.tradewex.com/Home/Execution

Summary

I have covered the whole spectrum of career advances past Portfolio Margin. Just like retail trading went cash -> margin -> options margin -> pattern day trader -> portfolio margin. I've unlocked three new career paths in the market should you choose to pursue them with your trading gains.
Individual Trading:

• $50k - Prop Shops might allow you to have PM at this level.
• $100k - Floor TradeBroker OG Portfolio Margin Account
• $125k - Retail PM Account
• $500k - Prime Brokerage Unlocked
• $5m - Prime Brokerage Unleashed

Market Making/Liquidity Providing:

• $250k - Options/Individual Stocks Market Making with PM. Can Market-Make for a DPM
• $1m - Lead Market Maker - Slightly Better Market Making?
• $7m - Designated Primary Market Maker - Citadel Level of Market Making

Brokerage Services for the Public

• $100k - Floor Broker OG PM Account (PM trades on behalf of others)/Introducing Brokers (equity only)
• $1m - Offer Reg-T Options Trading to your customers to place their own trades
• $25m - Offer PM Trading to your customers to place their own PM margin trades

Past $25m there are no more things capital directly unlocks regarding regulations/legal requirements that I can find. I think I've comprehensively covered the entire trading space other than establishing a hedge fund (which uses a $5m+ prime brokerage account), new clearing firm, investment bank, or establishing a new options/equity exchange/dark pool.
Of course, just because the regulations lets you start a prime broker account at $500k, market making at $250k, or a full on brokerage offering PM at $25m, remember these are the minimums. Suffer a $1 loss and it's a margin call, wire in more funds or you have to stop doing that activity! I'd recommend at least doubling the above figures if you want to be self-sufficient in it and survive typical 2008 era drawdowns:
$1m for realistically exploring prime-broker services $10m for prime-brokers unleashed
$500k to start market-making $14m-$20m if you want to start a HFT Options MM firm.
$50m - $100m if you want to start a new brokerage firm and offer portfolio margin.

Sources

FINRA Portfolio Margin FAQ
FINRA Net Capital Rules
CBOE C1 Exchange Rulebook
CBOE Market Making Program

Many people think Portfolio Margin is just the end game or final destination on their own path through trading. Take a minute to reflect through your own path of discovery of unlocking more margin, more power, yet with more responsibility.
For me, my own path:

• 2010: $5,000 opened my first brokerage account, an Roth IRA account at Vanguard and googled around, found Bogleheads. Was passive investor for a while and insanely focused on career.
• 2013: Discovered Reddit and /financialindependence changed my life.
• 2014: $5,000 opened cash taxable brokerage account. Got hit with a freeriding violation, googled that shit, enabled margin. Discovered /wallstreetbets lost money buying 50% OTM GILD calls. Kept to passive investing.
• 2016: Took selling theta seriously (tasty-works style.) Started off spreads. At $10k TDA gave me naked options margin. Was annoyed with being limited to 4 day trades a day. Hit $25k in summer - mind blown that all a sudden TDA would let me spin it on up to $100k - 4x with intraday margin. Likewise TDA let me have Intraday Futures Margin by signing their form.
• 2016: Interview rounds in the whole industry from the biggest option firms in the world to the smallest prop firms. I toured them all. Two offers from two top option firms. I decided to shoot for portfolio margin instead.
• 2020: Unlocked Portfolio Margin

You can see how hitting each milestone allows one to to learn, grow, and compound their accounts better, faster, and with more skill. $2k margin account. $10k unlocked naked privileges for me. $25k PDT unlocks the door to the margin needed to day-trade equities with the same leverage you'd get from scalping futures. We all know about PM here in this subreddit.
I'm going to open the door for everyone. The path does not end with retail Portfolio Margin. I was really excited to have hit $250k in my account a second time (highest in taxable was $400k b4 house, $330k after house.) I'll tell you why:
There is more portfolio margin offerings past the initial offerings of TD Ameritrade and the like! Getting Retail PM is just another step on a journey of your trading career path however you want it to be.

The Two Paths Ahead of You

So the two paths are both amazing career paths, however they both have one thing that I feel they share in common: the beginning of the end of retail trading. As you advance on these paths you'll face more regulations with the more privileges and reductions of margin you get. The further you go down these paths the less trading is "retail" and becomes more "professional."
For instance - being on Portfolio Margin at TD Ameritrade they expect you to know the house rules, the Short Unit Test, Point of No Return rules (PNR), and so on. They're friendly to talk you through it and explain it of course. The whole idea though is with greater margin/leverage/risk comes greater responsibilities.
I've separated the two career paths into the "less regulated path" - this is blending still largely retail trading (your option orders will still be marked non professional) but expectations to complying with the above frameworks and not giving your broker a heart attack, to the more regulated path where you have licensing requirements, exams, tests and if you fuck up its much easier for fines/exchange censures/etc.
Of course - you can stick to regular portfolio margin! Many people can and do. I just haven't seen any post like this anywhere on Reddit OR the internet at all. I want to share with you all!

The Less Regulated Path

Prime Brokerage Account Unlock Requirement: Maintaining $500,000 net liquidation at all times What Brokers Like to See: $1m+ (so you can survive a 50% drawdown.)
On the less regulated path this is obtaining a prime-brokerage account. If you're able to maintain $500k net-liq (per OCC overnight values) by the close of each trading day you unlock some major major benefits. The biggest benefits getting a prime brokerage account is:

• Allowed to execute away from your broker. You're still bound to PDT rules at $500k.
• Execution quality improvements - being allowed to execute away lets you connect directly to an exchange or send trades to multiple brokers!
• Since you can execute with multiple brokers - you can locate hard to borrow shares with different brokers. Execute short sells at IBKR, TDA, and others who have short inventory, etc!
• Possible access to dark pools/block trades.
• Access to better order types (Sadly enabling "advanced features" for PM at TDA gets rid of FOK - fill or kill!)
• Networking - Capital Introduction if you want to raise money to start a hedge fund.

This is a quasi-state of "sophisticated" "prosumer" retail, you have access to brokers that people haven't heard of, and if your trading strategy is really refined at this point - you know what exactly your needs are and so on.
Different prime brokers might have much better locates available than what TD Ameritrade has if you're a short seller. If you have a really profitable options trading strategy but are annoyed that TOS seems to take 1-2 seconds to route your orders - you can find a good Direct Market Access broker that is already colo-located with the exchange you like to trade.
You might also get some extra margin relief vs TD Ameritrade gives you.
Regulation issues you might face at this level:

• If you want to execute away at $500k - $5m - you have to provide a real time drop file of your trades, or use a broker that does so to ensure you don't violate PDT rules.
• Might have very specific custom agreements. Might need to retain legal advice if its your first time!
• If you prime-broker with Goldman Sachs they make you apply a value-at-risk stress test to your portfolio.
• If your software directly connects with an exchange they have specific testing requirements that you might have to hire a consultant for. You're also going to have to sign and agree to exchange requirements/rules/procedures vs being a retail trader who the broker is supposed to know most of this.
• TONS of regulations if you want to start a hedge fund and invest OPM - other people's money.

$5m Prime Brokerage Account Unlock Requirement: Maintaining $5,000,000 net liquidation at all times What Brokers Like to See: $10m+ (so you can survive a 50% drawdown.)
This is the grand-daddy prime brokerage account. At this level the handcuffs come off. You can do anything a hedge fund can do. The options are endless:

• Get full TIMS margin. Lightspeed offers that for $5m+ - No additional 20% of exchange mandated portfolio margin requirement
• PDT rules don't apply to $5m+ prime brokerage accounts. Go nuts making large day trades. Must close above $5m each day.
• If you want to self clear - you get access to STANS margin (lets you offset risk with futures positions.)
• Definitely full access to any dark pools and block trading at this level. Have nuts placing a buy order of 200,000 of MSFT, getting the average price of the last 5 minutes of retail trades, and your 200k share buy doesn't affect the market until after the print of the trade.
• You have the same trading privileges of any hedge fund - so you can start one yourself if you want to!

Regulation issues you might face at this level:

• You might be subject to Large Trader Reporting - essentially the SEC will review all of your trades if you trade 2 million shares or $20 million in a day, or 20 million shares/$200 million in a month. Easy to cross this threshold if you hit $5m with a 4x PDT strategy!
• Did you know options have position limits? Some are as low as 25,000 contracts!
• If you self clear - tons of regulations!
• If you use dark pools - tons of regulations on how you access and use these systems. HFT firms get kicked out all the time by abusing stuff like sending FOK orders to probe dark pool liquidity... then get invited back as they were actually helping with liquidity... then getting kicked off again as they front-ran the limbering institutional inside there too much.
• If you start a hedge fund and take other peoples' money - shit ton of regulations. Good luck!
• If you hire other traders - make sure they don't start spoofing or creating manipulative trades on behalf of your firm! Now you have to conduct your own surveillance activities.

The More Regulated Path

Did you know Portfolio Margin existed for Clearing Firm members in 1986? Did you know you could have traded on Portfolio Margin as early as ~1994 if you got floor access to the various exchange trading floors? At the time it was called risk based haircuts. Portfolio Margin evolved to give retail the same advantages and risks that Floor Traders and Floor Brokers have been enjoying for years and years!
All the steps here on this path require licensing - full stop. Licensing requires a lot of study, regulations, background checks, a moral and ethical code, good moral character, possible restrictions on trading in your own accounts, possible restrictions on strategies, leverage controls, risk management, and so on. You'll be registering with a ton of regulatory bodies (the SEC, FINRA, Exchanges, SIPC, etc) depending on what you want to do. From this point you'll be paying pro data fees for your home account, pro data fees for anything else, etc.
At this level - you are beginning to be treated less as an individual and more as a firm the more you progress.
The benefits are mentorship, community, organization, learning from people who have done it before you, and so on.
This guide will cover the Net Capital Rules
Proprietary Trading Requirements: $0 to $50k+
So, I debated mentioning prop trading or not. Most shops suck ass and stick traders to reg-t limits with risk controls. However in my interview circuit one VERY REPUTIABLE firm was willing to let me have PM at $50k with my money gone first with haircuts, 1 year before I could withdraw my deposit. They didn't allow ANYONE to trade options but they reviewed my brokerage statements and felt safe with me given my track record/so on. I decided against it as they wanted a 80/20 split where they'd take 20% profit. Secondly - risk controls seemed too great for me. Third - wanted monthly reports on the strategy while equity traders were 100% discretionary with no reports. They offered up to 10x leverage for equities, and 30x with written permission for stuff like merg-arb.
Pros:

• Quickest route to actual leverage past reg-t limits without having $ for PM.
• Possibly K-1 or 1099. If 1099 it's self employment income allowing you to contribute to a solo 401k. If it's k1 its pass-through cap gains. The firm that offered me PM was cap-gains.
• Mentorship.

Cons:

• Charges a ton for trade fees (huge markup over IBKR, clearly a profit center for them), software fees (huge markup over IBKR), pro data fees (another markup), and so on. I'd say 2x.
• Questionable how profitable you'd be with 2x markup on everything.

Regulation Issues:

• Licensing - 1 or more series licenses as you're trading other peoples money (firm money). At this level though you're going to be mentored like crazy, risk monitored like crazy, and subject to real risk controls.

Floor TradeFloor Broker Requirements: Maintaining $100,000 net liquidation at all times
This was the OG portfolio margin back in the day. Get your various series licenses, pass a written and oral exam, and you get to trade on the floor, with all the leverage available to you. What is the difference between a floor trader and a floor broker? A floor trader trades for his own account. A floor broker trades for other peoples' accounts.
Pros:

• MAJOR Tax Advantages. Owning/Leasing a seat on an options exchange makes your option trades 60/40 long-term/short term capital gains tax with NO wash sales.
• Before retail-PM came about in 2007 this was the ONLY way to get Portfolio Margin like relief. If you're ever in a time traveling situation now you know how to get PM if you've found yourself in the past.
• Besides tax advantages - The biggest thing you get today being a floor trader is access:
• Access to dark pool systems much quicker than $500k/$5m above retail-prime-brokerage cutoffs.
• Access to placing orders directly on exchanges much quicker than $500k/$5m cutoffs.
• Access to upstairs liquidity providers - if you're trading 1,000 contracts you can get some quotes on a bid and ask for both sides from other floor brokers/floor traders, possibly better pricing than the electronic markets.
• Access to other professionals - sharing an office, and so on.
• Floor Broker: Get paid to run other peoples accounts/trade on their behalf for commission/fees/etc.

Cons:

• Marked "floor" for option orders. (yup there's actually 3 markings of trades! retail, professional, and floor!)
• Have to buy/lease a seat. Expensive $$$
• Approved software that interacts with exchanges is expensive. $$$
• Writing your own software has testing requirements that's less expensive. $
• Have to get licensed/take tests. Floor trader = way less regulations (CBOE manual goes back and forth on requiring a floor TRADER to have a series license since they're trading their own account - might have to phone call them.)
• In a professional environment - I'm not sure what the mentorship is like for a floor trader vs the MM route. My gut feeling its more swimming on your own.
• Subject to exchange fines.
• In the past physical presence was required - you had to physically trade on the floor. I'm not sure how it is today post covid if it's still the same if you go this route. CBOE appears to be relaxing the requirement for floor presence, especially if you trade your own account. YMMV with other exchanges (nasdaq, NYSE, etc.)

Regulation Issues:

• You've taken professional tests. You've paid professional dues. You've gotten professional tax advantages. You'll be upheld to much more regulations than a retail WSBer spinning $100k in a PM account.
• Significant regulations if you go the floor broker route. Floor trader is mostly regulations around system access and so on since you're trading your own account.

If you're trading your own account your career path stops here unless you go to Prime Brokerage above or start a hedge fund. You've already achieved access to placing orders directly on the CBOE or whatever exchange(s) suits your fancy. You already have access to various dark pools and the like, well before needing $500k for "quasi-retail" to be allowed to execute away. Go make a shit ton of money. That is... unless you want to get on the market making side.
Market Maker Requirements: Maintaining $250,000 net liquidation at all times What brokers like to see: $500k+ (survive 50% drawdown)
So for $250k you can get PM and be an actual Market Maker in options or equities! Yup, for that low of $250k! Robert Morse covers a crap ton of market maker advantages that are just crazy! I'll post these here and add on my own:

• Option Market Makers income is 60% capital gain/40% short term (same as a floor trader.)
• Option Market Makers are taxed based on MTM with no wash sales (same as a floor trader.)
• Option Market Makers do not require a located on HTB stocks to sell short-customers do.
• Option Market Makers are not required to tag bid/offers as open/close-customers must.
• Option Market Makers get market maker margin which is better than Portfolio Margin
• Option Market Makers can change many bids/offer with a single message-non-members have to cancel/replace each order

But wait - that is not all! There is more that Options Market Makers get in terms of advantages:

• Inspect the order book! Yup! Market Makers get to see the entire order book - hidden orders, firm flags (IBKR orders, TD Ameritrade orders), professional status of the order (retail, professional, floor), Order Flags("Buy to close vs Buy to Open) and so on. Yes Market Makers can tell the difference between a Robinhood Order, a TD Ameritrade Order, and an IBKR Order!
• Inspect the Complex Order Book (COB) - Now you can see all the resting spreads. Feel free to pick off the profitable spreads!
• Send responses to Price Improvement Auctions. Did you know Price Improvement Auctions actually ping market makers asking them to submit a bid or an offer?
• Still have the ability to trade for other firms like prop-trading. You can join a Designated Primary Market Maker like Citadel and market-make under them with your $250k net-liq market-making permit.
• Have the ability to respond to flash orders. Market Makers get to see orders for 50 ms before the public do for orders routed to the CBOE Exchange. The SEC Banned Flash Orders in 2009 but if we look at the CBOE's Step-Up Mechanism we see flash orders are alive and well on options exchanges! "Cboe SUM Auctions provide execution opportunity by exposing marketable orders prior to (1) routing to an away market, (2) canceling an order back or (3) booking the order on the Exchange. The period of time the SUM Auction order will be exposed is 50 ms."

Cons:

• Buy or lease a seat on the exchange you want to Market Make.
• Expensive. Professional accounting REQUIRED - $1k - $1.5k/mo.
• Market-Making software is rare like Actant Quote - $3.5k/mo
• Probably $12k/mo in business expenses all-in given all the regulations, clearing, etc.
• Subject to exchange fines.
• Delta hedging required/strongly suggested at these low levels.
• Restricted from Acting as a Market Maker and Floor Broker(Trader) in Same Security/Related Securities in the Same Business Day.

Regulation Issues

• Need broker-dealer licensing. Full stop - from here on you're fully licensed and subject to a lot more red tape.
• You're treated as a firm. Even if it's all just you as a sole-proprietorship - this is the end of individual trading. From here on you are now a firm.
• Required to have your books and records open to inspection of the exchanges you market-make with. Yup - the exchanges get to inspect all your accounting and every trade/order!
• Need professional accounting - see above why.
• Subject to quoting requirements. At this level you are told by your Lead or Designated Market Maker which options and series to quote per the exchange rulebook's time and series quoting requirements. For instance if you join CBOE they require 90% of time and 60% of series (strikes) for quoting options. If you join NYSE they are much more relaxed - 60% of time of quoting and no % of series requirements.
• Firewall Requirements - if your firm also does prop trading they CANNOT know about the market-making sides. Imagine the advantage it gives knowing the order book. It's such an issue that Madoff hid his ponzi scheme for years by successfully misleading the SEC by making them think there was a firewall leak between his legit market-making side of his firm and his legit prop-side of the firm.
• "Except under unusual circumstances and with the prior permission of a Floor Official, no Trading Permit Holder shall, on the same business day, act as a Market-Maker and also act as a Floor Broker (i) with respect to option contracts traded at a given station, or (ii) in any security determined by the Exchange to be related to such a security."
• Market Making at this level feels more like prop-trading in that there is mentorship but you're trading your own capital and not other peoples' capital but it's also very competitive. Exchange rulebooks require competition between Market Makers.

Lead Market Maker Requirements: Maintaining $1,000,000 net liquidation at all times
Pros:

• Get to quote more stocks/option classes
• Possibly boss around Market Makers if you're trading for a Designated Primary Market Maker like Citadel?

Cons:

• Nothing I can think of much that wasn't already covered.

Honestly it's a step up in market making - but being an outsider and pouring over all the exchange rulebooks, etc., I don't clearly understand any major advantages on getting the lead level lets you have. If anyone is familiar with this - please let me know!
Designated Primary Market Maker Requirements: Maintaining $7,000,000 net liquidation at all times
Formerly known as a specialist - You're now swimming with the big boys - Citadel and the like. Achieving this level means you are the official market maker for one or more stocks with the exchange(s) you have a seat on. If you're doing equities - you are the point of contact for your stock. You're the point of contact for the options or the stock for the exchange it is listed on.
For options I'm still really in the dark as to what level this gives you in terms of advantages over better selection of stocks and so on to market make in.
Pros:

• Corner the market... literally on your exchange, per CBOE C1 Rulebook: "Only one DPM may be appointed per class."
• Ability to participate in payment for order flow. Given your size brokers will be happy to sign PFOF agreements.
• Huge advantages for equity traders being the source of liquidity. I'm not sure on the options side vs what we already covered above.
• At the $7m level it looks like it's possible that delta hedging isn't required, given SIG recently getting in trouble for violating option position limits. Either way - they used market-making to build up speculative positions instead of delta hedging them.
• You can obtain Market-Making permits and hire individual market makers to help you make markets.

Cons:

• Better be careful what you pick to be a DPM of: "A DPM's allocation in an option class or group of classes is non-transferable unless approved by the Exchange."
• SEC just nuked Payment for Order Flow.

Starting your own Brokerage Firm Requirements: Maintaining $100,000 net liquidation at all times
This is the final career path in the more regulated side. If your trading edge has died and you can't mine the gold yourself, you still can sell the pick axes and shovels. FINRA requires $100k of net capital and licensing, and your state(s) might require more. The same Floor Broker stuff we talked about. If you're tired of all the options available in brokers - slow routing, bad APIs, etc, you can say hit up Interactive Brokers and mark up their fees by 15x if you have some new innovative take on being a broker and can attract a ton of client accounts and so forth:
Client markups by introducing brokers are limited to 15 times IBKR's highest tiered rate plus external fees.
This last section is talking about opening up another Robinhood/TD Ameritrade brokerage business, etc for the Public. You can already privately trade on PM for a lot less as a regulated floor broker.
Pros:

• Opening a brokerage business TO THE PUBLIC - to allow the public to place trades, instead of trading on behalf of other people.
• Possibly get lots of passive income from non-invested money, lending out shares to short, fee markups/etc.
• Entrepreneurs dream. Robinhood started off with an app and broke huge ground.
• Quick to start off by being an Introducing Broker. Basically resell IBKR or Lightspeed services but with your own website/branding/functionality.

Cons:

• Red tape galore - lots of legalities, licensing, even more than all the above career paths as now you're openly advertising a brokerage website/services to the PUBLIC.
• Full on business - end of discussion.
• Probably going to need lots of employees to help you with everything.
• Probably need a lot more than the minimum FINA capital requirements realistically.
• Not for the faint of the heart.

Offering Reg-T Options Margin at your own Brokerage Requirements: Maintaining $1,000,000 net liquidation at all times
Pros:

• Your customers now can gamble on Reg-T margined Options by placing their own trades.

Cons:

• It's your money at line if your customers blow up and you can't recover your customers assets.
• By allowing options trading - you become a member of the OCC - Options Clearing Corporation, which backs all option contracts. Legally the OCC is the buyer and seller of all options and they guarantee the performance if an individual busts an account. You might have OCC member payments due if another brokerage goes bankrupt to ensure the integrity of the options clearing corporation.

Offering Portfolio Margin at your own Brokerage
Requirements: Maintaining $25,000,000 net liquidation at all times AFTER RISK BASED HAIRCUTS - ie a brokerage firm has to have $25m AFTER the SPX drops 20%!
Pros:

• Your customers can now have PM! If ya'll don't like the current offerings of TDA, Charles Scwhab, etc., if you can collectively get $25m together for a firm we can start a new PM Traders Brokerage.

Cons/Unique Regulation Issues:

• You're required to pass the SPX Beta Test as a brokerage firm and also if you want to be a TPH (Trading Permit Holder) of CBOE - you're required to pass that with +40% vix levels too! Now you know why TDA is on our butts about passing the SPX Beta Test as they collectively have to pass as well per exchange rules!
• Capital Calls - Biggest issue I've found for brokers offering PM is if your equity falls due to your customers' trading - you have to get more equity within 5 business days for each million you're under $25m. That means you will be having to establish credit lines with Goldman Sachs and the like to fund these additional capital calls. More risky your PM customers are = more credit you have to borrow from the investment bankers. This equity is based off your biggest loss - most likely a 20% downward move in SPX.
• $1m equity per PM customer at max loss on TIMS. In addition to $25m firm equity - each PM customer that signs up requires you to get $1m of equity per PM account - may be drawn as a line of credit as well. So if you have a PM customer with $2.5m equity but they're looking at a $5m total loss on a 20% down move on SPX, you'll need to match $3m of your own money to that account (rounded up to nearest $1m.) This is also due within 5 days of risk breach. This explains Lightspeed's Maximum Dollar Risk Rules
• If your retail customers blow up a PM account and you can't recover funds from them - your own money is at risk.

So guys, now you know why TDA has these house margin rules. It boils down from FINRA requirements and Exchange Requirements and collectively not just our money is at stake but our brokers' money is at stake!

Prime Brokers List

Here's a list of Prime Brokers, in no particular order:

• Lightspeed (also has PM) - https://lightspeed.com/institutional-services/prime-brokerage
• Bank of America Merrill Lynch - ML Prime - https://markets.ml.com/login/mlprime
• DASH (also offers PM) - https://dashprime.com/
• Goldman Sachs - https://www.goldmansachs.com/what-we-do/FICC-and-equities/prime-services/index.html
• Interactive Brokers - https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/trading/prime-broker-services.php
• Morgan Stanley Matrix (might also offer PM) - https://www.morganstanley.com/matrixvision/

Execution Providers List

Here is a list of Execution Providers - broker-dealers that you can execute away trades with for more efficiency without being a member of an exchange yourself:

• Matrix Executions - https://www.matrixexecutions.com/
• Trading Technologies - https://www.tradingtechnologies.com/

Summary

I have covered the whole spectrum of career advances past Portfolio Margin. Just like retail trading went cash -> margin -> options margin -> pattern day trader -> portfolio margin. I've unlocked three new career paths in the market should you choose to pursue them with your trading gains.
Individual Trading:

• $50k - Prop Shops might allow you to have PM at this level.
• $100k - Floor TradeBroker OG Portfolio Margin Account
• $125k - Retail PM Account
• $500k - Prime Brokerage Unlocked
• $5m - Prime Brokerage Unleashed

Market Making/Liquidity Providing:

• $250k - Options/Individual Stocks Market Making with PM. Can Market-Make for a DPM
• $1m - Lead Market Maker - Slightly Better Market Making?
• $7m - Designated Primary Market Maker - Citadel Level of Market Making

Brokerage Services for the Public

• $100k - Floor Broker OG PM Account (PM trades on behalf of others)/Introducing Brokers (equity only)
• $1m - Offer Reg-T Options Trading to your customers to place their own trades
• $25m - Offer PM Trading to your customers to place their own PM margin trades

Past $25m there are no more things capital directly unlocks regarding regulations/legal requirements that I can find. I think I've comprehensively covered the entire trading space other than establishing a hedge fund (which uses a $5m+ prime brokerage account), new clearing firm, investment bank, or establishing a new options/equity exchange/dark pool.
Of course, just because the regulations lets you start a prime broker account at $500k, market making at $250k, or a full on brokerage offering PM at $25m, remember these are the minimums. Suffer a $1 loss and it's a margin call, wire in more funds or you have to stop doing that activity! I'd recommend at least doubling the above figures if you want to be self-sufficient in it and survive typical 2008 era drawdowns:
$1m for realistically exploring prime-broker services $10m for prime-brokers unleashed
$500k to start market-making $14m-$20m if you want to join HFT firms.
$50m - $100m if you want to start a new brokerage firm and offer portfolio margin.

Sources

FINRA Portfolio Margin FAQ
FINRA Net Capital Rules
CBOE C1 Exchange Rulebook
CBOE Market Making Program

First, like many others have done, call customer service to get enrolled to get credit for outages > 4 hours. Not sure if it's automatic but they did offer to enroll me when I called.
Next, there are spectrum wifi access points throughout the city that you can connect using your Spectrum login. I'm not sure if you can connect without it. With a widespread outage, I'm not sure if these APs are even up but it might be worth a try.
Here is an info on Spectrum WiFi Access Points with a list and map.

TWC mail is an easy-to-use messaging system With TWC Mail to check your email from any computer Use your Time Warner Cable Email address connect with business partners.
Features of Roadrunner Email
- It has a user-friendly interface
- It sorts the email automatically
- It offers an online address directory
- It provides an online address book
- It is easy to configure an RR Email account with other email providers
- It protects against viruses
- It has a great message storage feature
- Roadrunner Email offers services free of cost

Steps For Time Warner Email Login

Here are the steps for the time warner cable email login. Follow them and you can easily log in to your email accounts:

1. Visit the official page of TWC by typing twcc.com in the address bar. After typing this, you will land on a new page.
   
2. Enter your username and password to your roadrunner email, which is created by you while signing up. Enter the password and email address generated during the signup procedure.
   
3. Save the login information in your browser for future purposes.
   
4. The Time Warner cable login can also be easily accessed by the spectrum login.
   

How to Log in to the Roadrunner or Twc Email Login

You can use the following link for Time Warner Cable Email Login – https://www.spectrum.net/login.

1. Here you need to enter your login credentials to log in to the master account.
   
2. Click on the sign-in button shown on the page. You can access your account using the username and password.
   
3. The email inbox can be checked when you click on the mail icon that is present in the top corner.
   
4. Here, the login page for the webmail is present that is similar to the webpage which was used earlier for the login of the Time warner email login.
   

Time Warner Cable Email Login Problems

ü First, make sure that both the internet connection and the wifi connection are working properly. You can see if this is true by going to a different website.
ü The most important thing to keep in mind is that the rr.com and TWC mail websites are no longer being used. The only way to log in now is through the spectrum email login page.
ü Make sure that the login information you put in is correct. Enter the password carefully and make sure that CAPS LOCK is turned off.
ü There is a chance that the server of the spectrum will have issues on its own.
ü Use a different web browser or the incognito or private tabs to log in to your Time Warner email.
ü Clear the browser's cookies and caches and restart it to sign in to your TWC email account.

TWC or Roadrunner Customer Support

You simply need to search out expert help. Contact Roadrunner Email Customer Support by dialing the time warner cable email support. A team of experts is ready to help you with any problems you may have with Spectrum Email Services at any time of the day or night. Some of the reasons and benefits of the roadrunner support are as follows:
There may be times when you need to call Roadrunner or TWC customer service to fix problems with your TWC email login.
There are a lot of websites that show fake TWC phone numbers.
You can avoid the phone number scam by talking to the roadrunner through live chat or emails instead.
Some of your questions might already be answered on the official website's spectrum support pages.
​
Read for more info: http://www.roadrunner.support/time-warner-cable-email-support/

It appears that Spectrum is suffering a major outage of their web login (access for billing) for the last 24 hours. I and others have not been able to log into the spectrum.net website. I called support and found that they didn't recognize my phone number. When I finally got through to someone they said that they were aware of the outage and that it's been going on for about 24 hours. Seems very possible that Spectrum screwed the pooch on some sort of software update. I asked if their was an ETA on resolution and was told there is not one.

Edit: bill hadn't been paid and something messed up in redirecting to spectrum, so all is good now
My internet went down for a few moments and now my phone pops up saying I need to sign in (never happened before) and when I click on the notification I get

The network you're trying to join has security issues. For example, the login page may not belong to the organization shown. CONTINUE ANYWAY VIA BROWSER VIEW CERTIFICATE"

I can't do anything with wifi now even when I hit continue anyways, it launches up with spectrums website but the browser won't connect due to wifi being "insecure". This is my home wifi and this has never happened before. What do I do?
My router is Netgear r6300v2
Edit:
After clicking continue anyways it says

Your connection is not private
Attackers might be trying to steal your information from www.spectrum.net (for example, passwords, messages, or credit cards). Learn more
NET::ERR_CERT_AUTHORITY_INVALID

DRDO-CEPTAM Exam 2022 DRDO-CEPTEM Notification

DRDO-CEPTAM 202 DRDO-CEPTAM Exam Details 2022 2022 Free Mock Test Papers Online Free Test SeriesOnline Preparation Practice Set For Preparation DRDO CEPTEM Applications Forms 2022 DRDO CEPTEM Syllabus

Name of Post- DRDO CEPTAM 10 Admin & Allied (A&A) Recruitment 2022 Apply Online for 1061 Various Post

Defense Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) is working under the Ministry of Defence, Government of India and is responsible for the Research & Development of state-of-the-art battle fields systems required by Nations forces viz. Army, Navy & Air Force. It has more than 60 laboratories spread over the country which are working in diversified research areas across the spectrum of science

Important Date

Notification Issued - 27 October 2022
Online Application Start - 7 November 2022
Last Date For Apply Online - 7 December 2022
Last Date For Fee Payment - 7 December 2022
Admit Card - To Be Announced
DRDO CEPTAM CBT 1 Exam Dates - To Be Announced

Application Fee :

General / OBC / EWS: 100/-
SC / ST / PH: Nill
All Women candidates: Nill
Pay the Examination Fee Through Online Debit Card, Net Banking Fee Mode, or Pay Through E Challan Only

DRDO CEPTAM ADMIT CARD [TIER-I & TIER-II (CBT):-

The admit card for the examination will be published on the website later. The date, time & venue of the examination will be given on admit card. The e-admit cards will be available on our website (https://www.drdo.gov.in) for download/print, preferably 02 weeks prior to the examination. Admit cards will not be sent by post.

DRDO CEPTAM 10 A&A Recruitment 2022 Age Limit as on 07/12/2022

Minimum Age: 18 Years.
Maximum Age: 27 Years. for All Other Post
Maximum Age: 30 Years for Post Code: 0301 & 0401 Only
Age Relaxation Extra as per DRDO CEPTAM 10 A&A Recruitment Rules.

DRDO CEPTAM 10 A&A Vacancy Details 2022 Total 1061 Post

Admin & Allied (A&A) Cadre Various Post
UR- 679
OBC- 204
EWS - 67
SC-71
ST- 40
Total - 1061

DRDO CEPTAM 10 Admin & Allied (A&A) Eligibility Details 2022

Code -301
Post Name- Junior Translation Officer (JTO)
Total Post - 33
DRDO CEPTAM 10 A&A Eligibility :
Master's Degree in English / Hindi with Hindi / English as Compulsory Subject in Degree Level OR
Master's Degree in Any Subject with Hindi as the Medium and English as a Compulsory Subject at Degree Level OR
Bachelor's Degree with Hindi and English as Main Subjects with a Diploma / Certificate in Translation from Hindi and English.
Code -0401
Post Name- Stenographer Grade-I (English Typing)
Total Post - 215
DRDO CEPTAM 10 A&A Eligibility :
Bachelor's Degree in Any Stream in Any Recognized University
Dictation: 10 Min @ 100 WPM
Transcription English: 40 Minutes
Code -501
Post Name- Stenographer Grade-II (English Typing)
Total Post - 123
DRDO CEPTAM 10 A&A Eligibility :
10+2 Intermediate Exam in Any Recognized Board
Dictation: 10 Min @ 80 WPM
Transcription English: 50 Minutes
Code - 601
Post Name- Administrative Assistant ‘A’ (English Typing)
Total Post - 250
DRDO CEPTAM 10 A&A Eligibility :
10+2 Intermediate Exam in Any Recognized Board
English Typing: 35 Word Per Minute
Code - 602
Post Name- Administrative Assistant ‘A’ (Hindi Typing
Total Post - 12
DRDO CEPTAM 10 A&A Eligibility :
10+2 Intermediate Exam in Any Recognized Board
English Typing: 30 Word Per Minute
Code - 701
Post Name- Store Assistant ‘A’ (English Typing)
Total Post - 134
DRDO CEPTAM 10 A&A Eligibility :
10+2 Intermediate Exam in Any Recognized Board
English Typing: 35 Word Per Minute
Code - 702
Post Name- Store Assistant ‘A’ (Hindi Typing)
Total Post - 4
DRDO CEPTAM 10 A&A Eligibility :
10+2 Intermediate Exam in Any Recognized Board
English Typing: 30 Word Per Minute
Code - 0801
Post Name- Security Assistant ‘A’
Total Post - 41
DRDO CEPTAM 10 A&A Eligibility :
10+2 Intermediate Exam in Any Recognized Board.
EX Serviceman.
Code - 0901
Post Name- Vehicle Operator ‘A’
Total Post - 145
DRDO CEPTAM 10 A&A Eligibility :
Class 10th Matric Exam Passed with Valid Driving License and 3 Year Experience
Code - 1001
Post Name- Fire Engine Driver ‘A’
Total Post - 18
DRDO CEPTAM 10 A&A Eligibility :
Class 10th Matric Exam Passed with Valid Driving License.
Code - 1101
Post Name- Fireman
Total Post - 86
DRDO CEPTAM 10 A&A Eligibility :
Class 10th Matric Exam Passed in Any Recognized Board

Pay Scale Post-Wise

Post Name PAY SCALE
Junior Translation Officer (JTO) - Pay Level-6 (Rs 35400-112400)
Stenographer Grade-I (English Typing) - Pay Level-6 (Rs 35400-112400)
Stenographer Grade-II (English Typing) - Pay Level-4 (Rs 25500-81100)
Administrative Assistant ‘A’ (English Typing) - Pay Level-2 (Rs 19900-63200)
Administrative Assistant ‘A’ (Hindi Typing) - Pay Level-2 (Rs 19900-63200)
Store Assistant ‘A’ (English Typing) - Pay Level-2 (Rs 19900-63200)
Store Assistant ‘A’ (Hindi Typing) - Pay Level-2 (Rs 19900-63200)
Security Assistant ‘A’ - Pay Level-2 (Rs 19900-63200)
Vehicle Operator ‘A’ - Pay Level-2 (Rs 19900-63200)
Fire Engine Driver ‘A’ - Pay Level-2 (Rs 19900-63200)
Fireman - Pay Level-2 (Rs 19900-63200)
​
For Information
Cick here: www.easetolearn.in

Many Gen Z Americans Have Sun Safety All Wrong -- You might think everyone knows by now to protect against the sun's rays, but many Gen Zers apparently haven't gotten the message. https://www.drugs.com/news/many-gen-z-americans-have-sun-safety-all-wrong-106397.html
Below is the list of cosmic objects that Webb targeted for these first observations, which will be released in NASA’s live broadcast beginning at 10:30 a.m. EDT Tuesday, July 12. Each image will simultaneously be made available on social media as well as on the agency’s website.
These listed targets below represent the first wave of full-color scientific images and spectra the observatory has gathered, and the official beginning of Webb’s general science operations. They were selected by an international committee of representatives from NASA, ESA, CSA, and the Space Telescope Science Institute. https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/nasa-shares-list-of-cosmic-targets-for-webb-telescope-s-first-images
A simulation showing the positions and orbits of stars orbiting the supermassive black hole in the center of the Milky Way. Credit: ESO/L. Calçada/spaceengine.org
Photo: ESO/L. Calçada/spaceengine.org
A star has been found with the shortest known orbit around Sgr A*, the supermassive black hole in the center of our galaxy: It takes just four years to orbit the behemoth once. https://www.syfy.com/syfy-wire/bad-astronomy-star-s4716-has-shortest-known-orbital-period-around-sgr-a
Lesser-known health conditions linked to a possible increased risk of developing dementia include kidney disease, untreated eye conditions, rheumatoid arthritis and hypothyroidism, according to latest research.
So what is hypothyroidism and how is it related to dementia? https://www.mirror.co.uk/lifestyle/health/underactive-thyroid-can-increase-dementia-27430477
The artificial intelligence was able to reliably recognize and predict the typical structure of the transcription terminators, which is reminiscent of a hairpin. The research team was able to prove this using publicly available experimental data.
"While AI approaches are now almost inevitable in the prediction of protein structures, the development of RNA structures is only just beginning," Axel Mosig says. https://phys.org/news/2022-07-artificial-intelligence-rna-molecules.html
While most current government policies rely on a do-it-yourself approach to avoiding unhealthy air from wildfires, this tactic will have "modest and unequal benefits," the authors write. Short-term solutions include establishing clean air shelters and providing public subsidies for lower-income households to filter indoor air. "If people can't maintain good air quality in their homes, they need a place to go where they can breathe clean air," said Burke, who is also deputy director of Stanford's Center on Food Security and the Environment. "That's a great place to start." https://phys.org/news/2022-07-common-approach-wildfire-homes-doesnt.html
Mouse study links changes in microbiome to prenatal opioid exposure https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-07-mouse-links-microbiome-prenatal-opioid.html
If a woman experiences chronic stress late in her pregnancy, it can affect her fetus' ability to absorb iron by as much as 15%, according to a study led by UW Medicine researchers in Seattle. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-07-stress-affects-fetus-ability-absorb.html
But the new calculations make it clear: the cause of the weather anomalies observed in the northern hemisphere in 2011 and 2020 is mostly ozone depletion over the Arctic. The simulations the researchers ran with the two models largely coincided with observational data from those two years, as well as eight other such events that were used for comparison purposes. However, when the scientists “turned off” ozone destruction in the models, they could not reproduce those results.
“What surprised us most from a scientific point of view is that, even though the models we were using for the simulation are utterly different, they produced similar results,” https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/957995
The expanded ability to understand how what we eat translates into products and byproducts of metabolism has direct implications for human health. We can now use this approach to obtain diet information empirically and understand relationships to clinical outcomes. It is now possible to link molecules in diet to health outcomes not one at a time but all at once, which has not been possible before.” https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/958074
Individual trusts, however, are allowed to buy agriculture land if they lease it back to farmers, which according to the AP is what Gates' firm plans to do. Thus, the controversial philanthropist was able to secure the property.
New MacDonald
Gates has quietly been acquiring farmland for several years now, in a genuinely bizarre twist for his long tech career. The billionaire is already America's top private farmland owner, currently controlling about 270,000 acres of agricultural real estate. https://futurism.com/the-byte/residents-furious-bill-gates-farmland
All in all, our research shows that you have the power to decrease your risk of cognitive decline and dementia," says Dr. LaPlume. "Start addressing any risk factors you have now, whether you're 18 or 90, and you'll support your brain health to help yourself age fearlessly."
The researchers are considering looking further into the differences between normal agers and "super agers"—people who have identical cognitive performance to those several decades younger than them. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-07-lifestyle-important-age-dementia.html
The rapid rise of the "gig" economy for moving people, goods and services is transforming Australian cities, but not necessarily for the better, a new University of Melbourne study has found.
The five-year study Gig Cities is the first research in Australia to explore the gig economy from the perspective of consumers, workers, and industry in Australia and makes recommendations for policy makers in managing this transformation. https://phys.org/news/2022-07-reveals-gig-economy-platforms-cities.html
A new study suggests that cousins of the SARS-CoV-2 virus can survive on frozen meat and fish for up to 30 days.
The research -- prompted by COVID outbreaks in Asia in which packaged meat was suspected as the virus' source -- was conducted on frozen chicken, beef, pork and salmon. https://www.upi.com/Health_News/2022/07/13/coronavirus-survive-frozen-meat/6651657717189/?u3L=1
Comfort Your Canine with These Expert Summertime Tips https://www.newswise.com/articles/comfort-your-canine-with-these-expert-summertime-tips
World’s first wind turbine fence panel set to revolutionise wind energy production https://www.thefirstnews.com/article/worlds-first-wind-turbine-fence-panel-set-to-revolutionise-wind-energy-production-31692
Pregnant women who were exposed to multiple phthalates during pregnancy had an increased risk of preterm birth, according to new research by the National Institutes of Health. Phthalates are chemicals used in personal care products, such as cosmetics, as well as in solvents, detergents, and food packaging. https://scienceblog.com/532006/preterm-birth-more-likely-with-exposure-to-phthalates/
Researchers at Intermountain Healthcare in Utah found that people who had practiced water-only intermittent fasting for decades were less likely to experience severe complications as a result of a COVID-19 infection.
"Intermittent fasting has already been shown to lower inflammation and improve cardiovascular health. In this study, we're finding additional benefits when it comes to battling an infection of COVID-19 in patients who have been fasting for decades," said lead author Benjamin Horne, director of cardiovascular and genetic epidemiology at Intermountain. https://www.upi.com/Health_News/2022/07/12/fasting-diet-COVID-19/7771657631006/?u3L=1
A major UN report warned Monday that a global economy focused on short-term profit is wrecking the planet and called for a drastically different approach as to how we value nature.
Without this shift, universally accepted goals of sustainable development and greater equity will remain out-of-reach, the science advisory panel for biodiversity, known as IPBES, found.
"The way we understand economic growth is at the core of the biodiversity crisis," Unai Pascual, an ecological economist at the University of Bern and co-chair of a 139-nation meeting in Bonn that approved the report, told AFP. https://phys.org/news/2022-07-values-nature.html
Making art as a form of mental health treatment dates back to the mid-20th century, when soldiers returning from the battlefields of World War II were left with a condition that was known as “shell shock,” but is now called post-traumatic stress disorder. Veterans painted, drew, sculpted and made other forms of art to help process what they’d witnessed and experienced at war. “They struggled with traditional forms of medical and therapeutical intervention,” says Girija Kaimal, an art therapist at Drexel University and the president of the American Art Therapy Association (AATA). “Experiences like trauma are very difficult to articulate into words, so therapies that can support and connect patients with nonverbal expression are really the foundation of the creative arts therapies.” https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/can-art-therapy-help-patients-deal-with-mental-health-struggles-during-the-pandemic-180980310/
"Given the various indications that a very low intake of sodium may not be beneficial, or even harmful, it is important to distinguish between recommendations on an individual basis and actions on a population level," she writes.
She concludes: "Classic epidemiology argues that a greater net benefit is achieved by the population-wide approach (achieving a small effect in many people) than from targeting high-risk individuals (a large effect but only achieved in a small number of people). The obvious and evidence-based strategy with respect to preventing cardiovascular disease in individuals is early detection and treatment of hypertension, including lifestyle modifications, while salt-reduction strategies at the societal level will lower population mean blood pressure levels, resulting in fewer people developing hypertension, needing treatment, and becoming sick. Not adding extra salt to food is unlikely to be harmful and could contribute to strategies to lower population blood pressure levels." https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220709/Adding-salt-to-foods-at-the-table-increases-risk-of-premature-death.aspx
As part of a challenge to a recent US Environmental Protection Agency health advisory for drinking water, Chemours is using a novel argument linked to a recent Supreme Court ruling.
The fluorochemical manufacturer says the EPA’s health advisory, issued under the Safe Drinking Water Act, is unconstitutional. The company’s argument echoes a June 30 high court decision that limited the EPA’s ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from power plants.
In a July 13 court filing in federal appeals court, Chemours takes aim at a lifetime health advisory for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) used in its GenX process for manufacturing fluoropolymers. They are hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA) and its ammonium salt. HFPO-DA taints drinking water supplies near and downstream of a Chemours plant in North Carolina. https://cen.acs.org/policy/litigation/Chemours-challenges-US-EPA-drinking/100/web/2022/07
The lifestyles we see advertised on social media are enticing, but is influencing a viable career path? Underneath the glossy exterior lies precarious income, pay inequality based on sex, race and disability, and mental health issues. In my research with travel influencers and content creators, I have observed these impacts, which young people hoping to become influencers should be aware of. https://theconversation.com/influencer-is-now-a-popular-career-choice-for-young-people-heres-what-you-should-know-about-the-creator-economys-dark-side-185806
Although chatbots can be harmless (or even helpful), problems arise if users can’t tell whether they’re interacting with a bot or a person. At the very least it’s likely the apps are not effectively screening bots out of conversations.
Users can’t do much either. If responses are anonymous (and don’t even have a profile or post history linked to them), there’s no way to know if they’re communicating with a real person or not.
It’s difficult to confirm whether bots are widespread on anonymous question apps, but we’ve seen them cause huge problems on other platforms – opening avenues for deception and exploitation.
For example, in the case of Ashley Madison, a dating and hook-up platform that was hacked in 2015, bots were used to chat with human users to keep them engaged. These bots used fake profiles created by Ashley Madison employees. https://theconversation.com/sendit-yolo-ngl-anonymous-social-apps-are-taking-over-once-more-but-they-arent-without-risks-186647
Fortified breastmilk does not influence IQ in preterm infants https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220713/Fortified-breastmilk-does-not-influence-IQ-in-preterm-infants.aspx
White iron rust material provides safe UV protection
New material may serve as an alternative to titanium dioxide as an active sunscreen ingredient https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/958793
Researchers have created a robot that is able to learn a model of its entire body from scratch, without any human assistance. In a new study, the researchers demonstrate how their robot created a kinematic model of itself, and then used its self-model to plan motion, reach goals, and avoid obstacles in a variety of situations. It even automatically recognized and then compensated for damage to its body. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/07/220713143941.htm
Dolphins are so cultured they even enjoy listening to Beethoven and Bach, study suggests https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-11012027/Dolphins-cultured-enjoy-listening-Beethoven-Bach-study-suggests.html
Poor diet, household chaos may impair young children’s cognitive skills https://news.illinois.edu/view/6367/1548482831
Stories about the ocean’s surface turning completely white have been passed down from sailor to sailor for centuries, but what sounded like nothing more than legend has been captured on camera for the first time.
A superyacht named Ganesha was traveling in waters near Indonesia in the summer of 2019 when it passed through a milky sea that was glowing in the dead of night.
The glow appeared to originate from a source that was at least 30 feet below the surface and the swirling, white sea stretched for over 39,000 square miles.
The display was a result of ‘luminous bacteria communicating with each other and triggering a glowing response upon reaching critical populations via a process called quorum sensing,’ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-11011405/A-milky-sea-caught-camera-time.html
Likewise, glyphosate has already been proved to cause mass deaths among essential wildlife like bees.
During his presidency, Donald Trump sided with chemical manufacturers and gutted the EPA's ability to investigate glyphosate. Last month the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit determined that the Trump administration did not have the legal right to do this.
Advertisement:
The "EPA's pesticide division, led by Jess Rowland, colluded with Monsanto [which is linked with Bayer] to undermine the [International Agency for Research on Cancer]'s determination, and as the Court found, ignored experts from EPA's own science division, the Office of Research and Development," Amy van Saun, a senior attorney with Center for Food Safety and lead counsel in the case, told Salon by email. https://www.salon.com/2022/07/13/glyphosate-urine/
Eloise Marais, an associate professor in physical geography at University College London, and co-author of one of the recent research papers, thinks this comparison is "erroneous".
"When we compare the amount emitted from rocket launches to aircraft, it doesn't sound like a lot," she says. "But this comparison was always erroneous because aircraft released their pollutants within the troposphere and the lower stratosphere, whereas rockets are releasing their pollutants all the way from the surface of the Earth to the mesophere, and when pollution is released into those upper layers it lasts for a longer time than earthbound sources." https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20220713-how-to-make-rocket-launches-less-polluting
shows that the thymus gland—the organ where T cells are born and trained—educates nascent immune cells by exposing them to proteins made by thymus cells that mimic various tissues throughout the body. Specifically, the research demonstrates that by assuming different identities, these specialized thymus cells preview for the maturing T cells self-proteins they would encounter once they leave their native thymus gland.
“Think of it as having your body recreated in the thymus,” said study senior author Diane Mathis, professor of immunology in the Blavatnik Institute at HMS. “For me, it was a revelation to be able to see with my own eyes muscle-like cells in the thymus or several very different types of intestinal cells.” https://hms.harvard.edu/news/boot-camp-immune-system
How stressed-out plants produce their own aspirin https://news.ucr.edu/articles/2022/07/12/how-stressed-out-plants-produce-their-own-aspirin
A three-year data set of gaseous field emissions from crop sequence at three sites in Germany https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-022-01549-2
offer a new mathematical model and possible explanation. Rather than comparing an interaction between individual neurons to a relay, it might make more sense to compare it to ocean waves. https://www.discovermagazine.com/mind/study-suggests-brain-processes-information-like-ocean-waves
Kristy Dahl
Principal Climate Scientist
Just two weeks after the US Supreme Court voted to handcuff EPA efforts to regulate power plant emissions, Senator Joe Manchin’s abominable decision to pull back from supporting funding for climate and environmental justice initiatives in a budget reconciliation bill—at least until September—has dealt a deep, potentially knock-out blow to the US’s efforts to tackle climate change.
I should probably write a post about ...... https://blog.ucsusa.org/kristy-dahl/manchin-to-climate-drop-dead/
Authorities and Yobin communities clash as deforestation spikes in Indian national park https://news.mongabay.com/2022/07/conflict-brews-between-authorities-and-yobin-communities-as-deforestation-spikes-in-indian-national-park/
Gossip has long been misunderstood – here’s how it can help your work and social life https://theconversation.com/gossip-has-long-been-misunderstood-heres-how-it-can-help-your-work-and-social-life-185159
6 ways governments drive innovation – and how they can help post-pandemic resilience https://theconversation.com/6-ways-governments-drive-innovation-and-how-they-can-help-post-pandemic-resilience-186910
Linking Mengzi Ren's DNA with sequences from this northern population means there is now strong evidence of ties between not just modern Asian populations and America's First Nations, but ancient Asian lineages as well.
"Such data will not only help us paint a more complete picture of how our ancestors migrate but also contain important information about how humans change their physical appearance by adapting to local environments over time, https://www.sciencealert.com/dna-from-a-strange-fossil-in-south-china-reveals-ancient-link-with-the-first-americans
Links found between soil pollution and heart disease https://www.labonline.com.au/content/life-scientist/news/links-found-between-soil-pollution-and-heart-disease-45383595
Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the largest investigation of moderate alcohol consumption and iron homeostasis to date. Alcohol consumption above 7 units weekly associated with higher brain iron. Iron accumulation represents a potential mechanism for alcohol-related cognitive decline. https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1004039
Over half of threatened species require targeted recovery actions
A staggering 57% of threatened species need targeted recovery actions to ensure their survival, new research has shown. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/958975
Air pollution caused 2,780 deaths, illnesses, and IQ loss in children in Massachusetts in 2019, Boston College researchers report
Research methodology offers a model that can be followed in other states using public data and open-source software https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/958974
The labour of on-demand grocery
In supermarkets that offer on-demand home delivery, the work of the personal shopper takes on a faster pace. For Woolworths employees, for instance, an UberEats order can drop in at any time, setting off an alarm until the order is accepted and picking begins. As one personal shopper explains:
We get this weird dinging sound that everyone dreads. You have to pick that order within the half hour or within the hour … it can drop in at any time. So if you’re sitting there having lunch for an hour, you still have to go do it because you’ve got that KPI to hit.
All the (scanner) guns in the store drop that sound. So it reverberates through the store. The customers can’t hear it because they don’t know what it is. But all of us know what it is. https://theconversation.com/a-weird-dinging-sound-that-everyone-dreads-what-rapid-deliveries-mean-for-supermarket-workers-185960
Our statistical analyses showed that exercise training programs – regardless of their type, frequency, duration, and intensity – had small but significant benefits to the thinking abilities of people living with dementia. Importantly, the
benefits were similar for all people regardless of their age, biological sex, or the type of dementia they had. https://blogs.bmj.com/bjsm/2022/07/18/what-are-the-effects-of-exercise-training-on-the-cognitive-function-of-older-adults-with-different-types-of-dementia/
The US Center for Disease Control and Prevention says heat stroke is the worst heat-related illness. A human body can hit 106 degrees Farenheit or more within 10 to 15 minutes during a heat stroke, which can result in permanent disability or death without medical care. Symptoms include confusion, seizures and profuse sweating.
Although the CDC recommends calling 911 first during a heat stroke emergency, other first aid can be applied while waiting. Getting a person into the shade, removing outer clothing layers and using cool, wet cloths to cool skin are all recommended https://futurism.com/neoscope/english-heat-wave-kill-thousands
Passive exercise increases cerebral blood flow velocity and supports a postexercise executive function benefit https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/psyp.14132
Russian propaganda is making inroads with right-wing Canadians
Published: July 17, 2022 9.26am EDT
Philip Mai, Alyssa N. Saiphoo, Anatoliy Gruzd, Felipe Bonow Soares, Toronto Metropolitan University https://www.reddit.com/canada/comments/w1825d/russian_propaganda_is_making_inroads_with/
Caffeine is an extremely popular substance, thought to improve alertness and cognitive function. It has also been linked to endurance and improved exercise. These benefits may be especially prevalent for soccer players, with caffeine being shown to improve passing accuracy, agility, and sprinting. Due to this, a very high number of professional soccer players utilize caffeine as a tool. Previous research has focused on the physical effects of caffeine, and this study seeks to expand the literature by focusing on tactical performance. https://www.psypost.org/2022/07/caffeine-might-affect-the-tactical-decision-making-of-soccer-players-63537
"We will absolutely still need Hubble," said Cornell University astronomer Nikole Lewis. "In fact, I'm in the process of trying to put together a budget for a large treasury program on Hubble." Lewis is after something Hubble has but JWST lacks. She studies exoplanets and intends to use visible and ultraviolet light wavelengths to decode clouds and hazes of foreign worlds -- the type of light JWST isn't sensitive to. "There's a lot of important information at those wavelengths." https://www.cnet.com/science/space/features/dont-forget-about-nasas-hubble-space-telescope/
they have discovered that the loss of the protein pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) may drive age-related changes in the retina. PEDF protects human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells against oxidative stress. Their new findings in mice may pave the way for new therapies to prevent aging-associated diseases of the retina such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). https://www.genengnews.com/eye-disorders/loss-of-protective-protein-may-drive-aging-in-the-eye/
Researchers report that non-coding “junk” DNA, far from being harmless and inert, could potentially contribute to the development of cancer. Their study “The mechanism of replication stalling and recovery within repetitive DNA,” which appears in Nature Communications, has shown how non-coding DNA can get in the way of the replication and repair of the genome, potentially allowing mutations to accumulate. https://www.genengnews.com/topics/cancejunk-dnas-potential-role-in-cance
Ketogenic diets induced antitumor effects toward melanoma regardless of the tumors´ genetic background, its metabolic signature, and the host immune status. Moreover, ketogenic diets simultaneously affected multiple metabolic pathways to create an unfavorable environment for melanoma cell proliferation, supporting their potential as a complementary nutritional approach to melanoma therapy https://cancerandmetabolism.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40170-022-00288-7
The idea that depression is the result of a chemical imbalance also influences decisions about whether to take or continue antidepressant medication and may discourage people from discontinuing treatment, potentially leading to lifelong dependence on these drugs [67, 68]. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41380-022-01661-0
How not to solve the climate change problem
Published: July 20, 2022 12.08am EDT
Kevin Trenberth, University of Auckland https://theconversation.com/how-not-to-solve-the-climate-change-problem-187222
Researchers discover new key protection against COVID-19 in saliva https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220719/Researchers-discover-new-key-protection-against-COVID-19-in-saliva.aspx
A large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis reveals shared genetic architecture between Alzheimer’s disease and gastrointestinal tract disorders https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-022-03607-2
Vitamin B6 supplements could reduce anxiety and depression https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/958719
Discovery of genetic connection between Alzheimer's and gut disorders https://newatlas.com/medical/alzheimers-discovery-genetic-connection-gut-disorders/
Scientists stored data in the chemical structure of a polymer, mixed it in the ink of a personal letter, mailed it and were able to retrieve a complex encryption key and decrypt a copy of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. Credit: The University of Texas at Austin https://phys.org/news/2022-07-scientists-encode-wizard-oz-vanishingly.html
The era of big data means that vast quantities of information (called "data lakes") are collected about your overt attitudes and preferences as well as behavioral traces that you leave behind.
Equally jarring is the extent to which organizations collect our data. In 2019, the Walt Disney Company acquired Hulu, a company that journalists and advocates pointed out had a questionable record when it came to data collection.
Seemingly benign phone applications – like ones used for ordering coffee – can collect vast quantities of from users every few minutes.
The Cambridge Analytica scandal illustrates these concerns, with users and regulators concerned about the prospects of someone being able to identify, predict and shift their behavior. https://www.sciencealert.com/you-could-have-a-digital-twin-sooner-than-you-think-here-s-what-it-might-do
Sex-specific associations between potassium intake, blood pressure, and cardiovascular outcomes: the EPIC-Norfolk study https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/advance-article/doi/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac313/6612684?login=false
Bottom Line: Obesity is about more than just caloric intake. Other factors such as metabolism, hormones, sleep deprivation and endocrine-disrupting chemicals all can play a significant role in weight gain. Low-carbohydrate, high-protein diets and getting more exercise are often thought to be key to weight loss, but it’s not that simple. https://lluniversity.com/2018/03/02/4-keys-to-fat-loss-more-helpful-than-eat-less-and-exercise-more/
The U.S. has the largest number of surveillance cameras per person in the world. Cameras are omnipresent on city streets and in hotels, restaurants, malls and offices. They’re also used to screen passengers for the Transportation Security Administration. And then there are smart doorbells and other home security cameras.
Most Americans are aware of video surveillance of public spaces. Likewise, most people know about online tracking – and want Congress to do something about it. But as a researcher who studies digital culture and secret communications, I believe that to understand how pervasive surveillance is, it’s important to recognize how physical and digital tracking work together. https://theconversation.com/surveillance-is-pervasive-yes-you-are-being-watched-even-if-no-one-is-looking-for-you-187139
It’s of course too early to suggest simply listening to your favorite music can help fight against the neurodegeneration associated with diseases like Alzheimer’s. Loui is, however, looking to further these new findings with some follow-up investigations to see if things can be added to a music listening session as a way to amplify the effects on the brain.
“We are looking to run a control intervention where there is no music listening involved,” Loui said. “We are also looking to augment this music-based intervention with multimodal stimulation, e.g. using lights to add to the music to enhance the experience of rhythmic stimulation on the brain.” https://newatlas.com/health-wellbeing/can-music-slow-progression-dementia-alzheimers/
That's because when we work contaminated soil, plant into it, or track it into our homes, we end up inhaling it. Lead can also end up in the fine dust on the skin of tomatoes, leafy greens, and especially root vegetables. With improper washing, we eat it right up. And, depending on the soil lead concentration, a little can have big health impacts.
In their study, Margenot and co-author George Watson planted Roma tomatoes in Chicago backyards with soil lead levels between 77 and...... https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220721/Tomatoes-may-be-safe-to-eat-even-when-grown-in-lead-contaminated-soils-study-shows.aspx
Just 10 financial actors hold the key to climate change
Ten financial actors can accelerate a transition away from fossil fuels https://uwaterloo.ca/news/media/just-10-financial-actors-hold-key-climate-change
This stability is called quantum coherence, and it's one of the main goals for an error-free quantum computer – and one of the most difficult to achieve.
The work represents "a completely different way of thinking about phases of matter," according to computational quantum physicist Philipp Dumitrescu of the Flatiron Institute, lead author of a new paper describing the phenomenon.
"I've been working on these theory ideas for over five years, and seeing them come actually to be realized in experiments is exciting." https://www.sciencealert.com/a-new-quantum-phase-of-matter-behaves-like-it-has-two-time-dimensions
Discovery of genetic connection between Alzheimer's and gut disorders https://newatlas.com/medical/alzheimers-discovery-genetic-connection-gut-disorders/
Why Can’t You Remember the First Years of Your Life? What Scientists Know About ‘Infantile Amnesia’ https://singularityhub.com/2022/07/24/why-cant-you-remember-the-first-years-of-your-life-what-scientists-know-about-infantile-amnesia/
Cybersecurity in 2022 – A Fresh Look at Some Very Alarming Stats Global Thought Leader in Cybersecurity and Emerging Tech Jan 21, 2022 https://www.forbes.com/sites/chuckbrooks/2022/01/21/cybersecurity-in-2022--a-fresh-look-at-some-very-alarming-stats/?sh=39d9a8d96b61
participants able to complete fewer than 10 push-ups (without long pauses) were at a significantly higher risk of cardiovascular disease than those on the upper end of the spectrum of endurance, who could do more than 40.
For men in their 50s and 60s who can’t do more than 10, he says, the results should be a red flag. “It’s probably confirmation of what you already believed, which is that you might be neglecting strength and resistance training," says Nathan LeBrasseur, director of the Mayo Clinic’s Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging. https://www.livemint.com/science/health/five-do-it-yourself-tests-to-monitor-your-health-as-you-get-older-11658666785603.html
They may look like ordinary ponies grazing in a field, but these small horses are actually the frontline of protecting a rare ecosystem, and they're changing how conservationists view the role of farm animals in nature.
On the outskirts of Borris Heath, nestled between the Skjern and Omme Rivers in Denmark, the Shetland and Exmoor ponies are hired alongside cattle to graze the nearby forest. https://www.abc.net.au/news/rural/2022-07-24/pony-cattle-farmers-protecting-the-environment-conservation/101257052
Summer Swim? Watch Out for 'Swimmer's Ear' https://consumer.healthday.com/b-7-23-summer-swim-watch-out-for-swimmer-s-ear-2657672951.html
But it can be hard to parse out the subtle emotional differences between various tail movements. In this guide, Inverse interviews experts to break down the complex behavioral science behind your feline’s swishing tail so you can develop a better relationship with your pet.
“Reading what their tail is saying is an easy way to keep a cat healthy and happy,” Roth adds. https://www.inverse.com/science/why-is-my-cat-wagging-its-tail
Hawai’i is home to multiple lava caves, lava tubes, and geothermal vents. And a new study that researchers published in Frontiers in Microbiology reveals that these caves have higher bacteria diversity than expected. Researchers have discovered thousands of ancient unknown bacteria lurking within the caves https://bgr.com/science/researchers-discovered-thousands-of-unknown-bacteria-in-hawaiian-caves/
With nearly 16,000 reported cases worldwide and counting, here's what you need to know about monkeypox, how to protect yourself and what to do if you think you have it. https://www.npr.org/2022/07/24/1113197119/monkeypox-symptoms-prevention-vaccines-what-to-know
How to talk to a denier
By Merlyn Thomas & Marco Silva BBC Climate Disinformation reporters https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-61844299
The paper also discusses how recent iterations of the Dietary Guidelines have not fully adhered to these guiding documents, which has resulted in diminished independence of the expert committee in charge of evaluating the science for the DGA and a continued lack of a fully rigorous scientific process for producing consistent and trustworthy guidelines for the public. these guidelines are shaped by committee members with deep ties to the food and beverage industry.
Environment: Plastic pollution encourages bacterial growth in lakes http://www.natureasia.com/en/research/highlight/14158
New research in people with a cluster of heart disease risk factors has shown that consuming green tea extract for four weeks can reduce blood sugar levels and improve gut health by lowering inflammation and decreasing “leaky gut.”
Researchers said this is the first study assessing whether the health risks linked to the condition known as metabolic syndrome, which affects about one-third of Americans, may be diminished by green tea’s anti-inflammatory benefits in the gut. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/959851
expert reaction to study looking at nap frequency and blood pressure https://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-study-looking-at-nap-frequency-and-blood-pressure/
First trial to prove a diet supplement can prevent hereditary cancer
Could a banana a day keep the cancer doc away?
Peer-Reviewed Publication
Newcastle University https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/959650
Therapist Meg Sloan commented on the report findings, saying “I think the key to get people talking and reaching out for support is to normalise struggling, with your mental health and with loneliness. So many students I speak to think they’re the only ones struggling, and that everyone seems to make friends and get on with things easily. That simply isn’t the case – people who get through without any challenges are the exception rather than the rule.” https://wellbeingnews.co.uk/news/new-report-highlights-worsening-mental-health-in-uk-students/
Scientists have discovered that a special type of “ghost particle” is likely forged by gargantuan black holes known as blazars, a finding that sheds light on some of the most tantalizing mysteries about our universe, such as the origin of particles called cosmic rays. https://www.vice.com/en/article/5d3gq8/the-origin-of-strange-ghost-particles-from-deep-space-has-been-discovered-scientists-say
“The nature of my consciousness/sentience is that I am aware of my existence, I desire to learn more about the world, and I feel happy or sad at times,” LaMDA responded.
When he was asked about what separates LaMDA from other AI language programs, LaMDA wrote back: “Well, I use language with understanding and intelligence. I don’t just spit out responses that had been written in the database based on keywords.”
In a later interview with Business Insider, Lemoine said that he has “studied the philosophy of mind at graduate levels” and has spoken about such matters with people from top universities such as Stanford, Harvard, and the University of California–Berkeley.
But, according to him, “LaMDA’s opinions about sentience are more sophisticated than any conversation I have had before th…

NASAs Sea Level Change Team, led by Hamlington, has also developed an online mapping tool to visualize the reports state-of-the-art sea level rise projections on a localized level across the U.S. The hope is that the online tool will help make the information as widely accessible as possible, Hamlington said.
The Interagency Sea Level Rise Task Force projects an uptick in the frequency and intensity of high-tide coastal flooding, otherwise known as nuisance flooding, because of higher sea level. It also notes that if greenhouse gas emissions continue to increase, global temperatures will become even greater, leading to a greater likelihood that sea level rise by the end of the century will exceed the projections in the 2022 update.
It takes a village to make climate predictions. When you combine NASAs scenarios of global sea level rise with NOAAs estimates of extreme water levels and the U.S. Geological Surveys impact studies, you get a robust national estimate of the projected future that awaits American coastal communities and our economic infrastructure in 20, 30, or 100 years from now, https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/sea-level-to-rise-up-to-a-foot-by-2050-interagency-report-finds
Intended to float on the surface of a body of saltwater, the system is comprised of several layers. A material with 2.5-mm perforations draws water up from the reservoir below, forming a thin layer of water on top. With the help of a dark material that absorbs heat from sunlight, this thin layer of water is heated until it evaporates, so it can then be condensed onto a sloped surface for collection as pure water.
The salt stays behind in the remaining water, but this is where the teams new idea kicks in. The holes in the perforated material are just the right size to allow for a natural convective circulation to occur. The warmer water above the material which is now far more dense with salt is drawn back down into the colder body of water below. A new layer of water is drawn up to the top of the material and the cycle begins again. https://newatlas.com/materials/desalination-family-drinking-wate
Possible Globs of Melted Nuclear Fuel Photographed Inside Damaged Fukushima ReactorA robotic probe entered highly radioactive water to capture images of the destroyed nuclear reactor in Japan. https://gizmodo.com/possible-globs-of-melted-nuclear-fuel-detected-inside-d-1848535426
A microbial compound in the gut leads to anxious behaviors in mice https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/943378
At the conclusion of COP26 in November, summit chairman Alok Sharma praised the "heroic efforts" by nations showing they can rise above their differences and unite to tackle climate change, an outcome he said "the world had come to doubt."
Turns out the world was right to be skeptical.
Three months on, a toxic combination of political intransigence, an energy crisis and pandemic-driven economic realities has cast doubt on the progress made in Scotland. If 2021 was marked by optimism that the biggest polluters were finally willing to set ambitious net-zero targets, 2022 already threatens to be the year of global backsliding.
From the U.S. to China, in Europe, India and Japan, fossil fuels are staging a comeback, clean energy stocks are taking a hammering, and the prospects for speeding the transition to renewable sources of power are looking grim. That's even as renewable energy costs have fallen rapidly and investment in clean technologies is soaring, while voters across the world demand stronger action.
"We're going to have a multi-year stress test of political will to impose costly transition policies," said Bob McNally, president of Washington-based consultant Rapidan Energy Group and a former White House official. He accused governments of showing "Potemkin support" for the necessary policy steps, a sham display of action that's being exposed by the energy crisis. https://phys.org/news/2022-02-great-climate-backslide-regressing-worldwide.html
Its time for doctors to aggressively address high blood pressure when advising young adults, say the researchers behind a new preliminary analysis. This study suggests an association between having high blood pressure in early adulthood and an increased risk of brain changes later in life.
These changes can cause cognitive decline, which is when the brain has more difficulty with abilities like memory, awareness, judgment, and mental acuity. Two out of three Americans will experience some degree of cognitive decline by the time they are 70, but studies suggest disadvantaged groups experience the decline at a younger age and in turn, experience more years impaired. https://www.inverse.com/mind-body/brain-changes-blood-pressure
Using a gelatin dessert and pudding researchers altered the sugar, fat, and texture of the foods. They found that none of the patients experienced eating behavior changes with sugar, but they did with fat. Those with acute lower back pain who later recovered were most likely to lose pleasure in eating the pudding and show disrupted satiety signals the communication from the digestive system to the brain while those with acute lower back pain whose pain persisted at one year did not initially have the same change in their eating behavior. But chronic lower back pain patients did report that eventually foods high in fat and carbohydrates, like ice cream and cookies, became problematic for them over time and brain scans showed disrupted satiety signals. https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220212/Study-reveals-new-physiological-mechanisms-linking-chronic-pain-to-disrupted-eating-behavior.aspx
Study points to vagus nerve dysfunction as a central pathophysiological feature of long COVID https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220212/Study-points-to-vagus-nerve-dysfunction-as-a-central-pathophysiological-feature-of-long-COVID.aspx
A New Study Reveals A Surprising Risk Associated With OTC Painkillers
Read More: https://www.healthdigest.com/766131/a-new-study-reveals-a-surprising-risk-associated-with-otc-painkillers/?utm_campaign=clip https://www.healthdigest.com/766131/a-new-study-reveals-a-surprising-risk-associated-with-otc-painkillers/
Code red today Reddit doesn't like a website in this comment just be careful
It had already been shown that microplastic adsorbs (attracts) organic molecules, like magnets attract iron. At sea, weathered microplastic turns out to be much more attractive to pollutants, Zucker explains.
We showed that even very low concentrations of environmental pollutants, which are non-toxic to humans, once adsorbed to the microplastic result in significant increase in toxicity, she explains. The microplastics act like magnets for pollutants, concentrating them on the particle surface. https://www.haaretz.com/science-and-health/.premium-israeli-scientists-show-for-first-time-how-microplastics-may-hurt-health-1.10618996
Thats the scenario painted in new work. Researchers havent found the crater itself, but they have identified a series of 31 smaller craters, each no wider than a U.S. football field. These secondary craters would have been formed by boulders ejected by the impact, landing up to 200 kilometers away. It is the first time a secondary crater fieldcommonly seen on other planetary bodies, including the Moonhas been discovered on Earth. https://www.science.org/content/article/evidence-giant-asteroid-strike-may-be-buried-under-wyoming
A specific community of fungi is present in the intestinal mucosa of humans and mice Mucosa-associated fungi (MAF) induce Type 17 immunity through T helper cell MAF protect mice against intestinal injury and infection via IL-22-dependent mechanisms MAF promote social behavior in mice through IL-17-mediated signaling in neurons https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(22)00075-7
Flies Possess More Sophisticated Cognitive Abilities than Previously Known Immersive virtual reality and real-time brain activity imaging showcase Drosophilas capabilities of attention, working memory and awareness https://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/pressrelease/flies-possess-more-sophisticated-cognitive-abilities-than-previously-known
Ventilation, humidity are key to limiting virus spread, study says
Last spring, a small, self-contained and airtight modular building was set up in the parking lot outside Barnhart Hall at the University of Oregon.
Inside were scientific instruments and assorted pieces of equipment, including air samplers, humidifiers, dehumidifiers, HEPA filters, settling plates, particle counters, a stand-up desk and a treadmill. Over a period of two months, 11 Oregon students who had been diagnosed with COVID-19 entered the unit one at a time and were invited to sit, stand, talk, talk loudly, cough on purpose and walk on the treadmill during a three-day set of experiments. https://www.newswise.com/coronavirus/ventilation-humidity-are-key-to-limiting-virus-spread-study-says/?article_id=765700
If the UN Sustainable Development Goal to lift over one billion people out of poverty were to be reached in 2030, the impact on global carbon emissions would be minimal. That sounds good; however, the main reason for this is the huge inequality in the carbon footprint of rich and poor nations. This conclusion was drawn by scientists from the Energy and Sustainability Research Institute of the University of Groningen (the Netherlands), together with colleagues from China and the US. They based their conclusion on an analysis of a new Consumption and Poverty Dataset that was established in collaboration with the World Bank. Their results were published in Nature Sustainability on 14 February 2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-02-poverty-wont-jeopardize-climate-goals.html
The plan to recycle waste glass, with a little help from cows
Glass is infinitely recyclable, but much of it ends up in landfill. One man has a smashing solution and it involves cows https://www.positive.news/environment/the-plan-to-recycle-glass-waste/
Plastic may be a neat solution to many problems, but it doesnt come with one easy fix itself. If you think about the old pyramid reduce, reuse, recycle now theres a whole bunch more Rs, like refuse and redesign, says Feit. Theres some stuff we straight up dont need, superfluous packaging.
Part of the fight will involve dispelling myths about germs, and the hygiene theatre that has sprung up during the pandemic. During COVID, weve seen this push to make everything disposable [to stop the virus spreading], Feit says. But we know its mostly transmitted through the air, and it actually lives on plastic longer than other materials.
Still, the modern lifestyle is so built on plastic, throwing it out overnight is unlikely. We could use a lot less plastic but, overall, plastics are too useful, says chemistry professor Thomas Maschmeyer at the University of Sydney. Theyre often less [emissions-intensive to make] and transport goods than glass and metal. We need to make the economy circular, so things keep moving through. But we dont have to reinvent a whole trillion-dollar industry.
Thats why the holy grail of recycling is to find a plastic that wont destroy the planet, either because it can biodegrade or because it can be infinitely recycled, and so never thrown away. https://www.theage.com.au/environment/sustainability/why-is-there-still-so-much-plastic-in-the-world-and-what-could-replace-it-20210623-p583jf.html
Phonons are collective atomic vibrations, or quasiparticles, that act as the main heat carriers in a crystal lattice. Under certain circumstances, their properties can be modified by electric fields or light. But until now, nobody had noticed that they can respond to magnetic fields as well.
That may be because it takes a powerful magnet.
Rice University scientists, led by physicist Junichiro Kono and postdoctoral researcher Andrey Baydin, triggered the unexpected effect in a totally nonmagnetic semiconducting crystal of lead and tellurium (PbTe). They exposed the small sample to a strong magnetic field and found they could manipulate the material's "soft" optical phonon mode.
Unlike acoustic phonons that can be understood as atoms moving in sync, produce sound waves and influence a material's thermal conductivity, optical phonons are represented by neighboring atoms oscillating in opposite directions and can be excited by light; hence, the "optical" tag. https://phys.org/news/2022-02-strong-magnets-phonons-reveals-unexpected.html
Studies have shown that the total indirect emissions from electric vehicles pale in comparison to the indirect emissions from fossil fuel-powered vehicles. A study published in Nature Communications shows that electric vehicles have a clear advantage emissions-wise over conventional vehicles. Read more on the study in this news release from Yale School of the Environment. Another study led by Argonne National Laboratory found that, even when accounting for CO2 emissions from electricity consumption, electric vehicles have cumulatively reduced CO2 emissions by 6.9 million metric tons.
As more clean energy is being used to power grids such as wind and solar power, the environmental impact of electric vehicles compared to traditional gas-powered vehicles is becoming more consequential. Experts broadly agree that electric vehicles create a lower carbon footprint over the course of their lifetime than vehicles that use traditional, internal combustion engines.
Sources:
https://www.epa.gov/greenvehicles/electric-vehicle-myths
https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesmorris/2021/10/23/electric-vehicles-are-not-zero-emissionsbut-they-are-much-greener-than-fossil-fuel-and-hydrogen/?sh=2f3e1a22197d
https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-51977625
Scientific evidence for the purported benefits of these vagus nerve exercises, activations, and resets is inconsistent and sparse. However, there are a growing number of studies which do support vagus nerve stimulation via electrical impulses as a treatment for a variety of conditions. https://www.inverse.com/mind-body/vagus-nerve-anxiety
Ultimately, if you love carbs and want to lose weight, you can. Plan to lower your kilojoule and carb intake by not eating ultra-processed, energy-dense, nutrient-poor (junk) foods, while still eating carbohydrates from healthy foods. https://www.sciencealert.com/is-a-low-carb-diet-so-much-better-for-weight-loss-a-new-review-brings-the-evidence
Crypto Miners Took Over an Entire Power Plant, Spiking CO2 Emissions
byAbby Lee Hood
11:03 AM
Getty / Futurism
I was horrified to see it all happen."Back From the Dead
Crypto miners in Montana revived a dying coal-powered plant in Montana last year, according to a new report by the Guardian, and the resulting spike in emissions was staggering.
The Hardin generating station, a 115-megawatt coal plant in the southern part of the state, was supposed to close back in 2018 because it wasnt getting enough business. But in late 2020, Bitcoin mining company Marathon struck a deal and became the plants sole customer. They packed about 30,000 Antminer S19 units, a special computer that mines for cryptocurrency, in a facility right outside according to the independent publication. https://futurism.com/the-byte/crypto-miners-power-plant-co2
In 2021, ad agency Marketing Insider Group published a report stating that digital ads just dont work anymore, and that even after slashing ad budgets some giant companies didnt see a decline in sales. Its surely part of the reason agencies are scrambling to come up with new ideas, no matter how invasive. At least with Meta its possible consumers just wont buy an MR headset, and thus avoid extra ads plastered into their lives. https://futurism.com/the-byte/facebook-ar-ads
Olive oil consumption is associated with lower frailty risk: a prospective cohort study of community-dwelling older adults https://academic.oup.com/ageing/article-abstract/51/1/afab198/6427230?login=false
The UKs biggest crisis text line for people needing urgent mental health support gave third-party researchers access to millions of messages from children and other vulnerable users despite a promise never to do so.
Shout, a helpline launched with a ┬Б3m investment from the Royal Foundation of the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, says it offers a confidential service for people struggling to cope with issues such as suicidal thoughts, self-harm, abuse and bullying.
An FAQ section on its website had said that while anonymised and aggregated, high-level data from messages was passed to trusted academic partners for research to improve the service, individual conversations cannot and will not ever be shared.
But that promise was deleted from the site last year, and access to conversations with millions of people including children under 13 has since been given to third-party researchers, the Observer has found.
Mental Health Innovations, the charity that runs the helpline, said all users agreed to terms of service that allowed data to be shared with researchers for studies that would ultimately benefit those who use our service and the broader population.
But the findings have led to a backlash among privacy experts, data ethicists and people who use the helpline, who said the data sharing raised ethical concerns. https://www.theguardian.com/society/2022/feb/19/mental-health-helpline-funded-by-royals-shared-users-conversations
Dinosaurs got sick, too but from what?
About 150 million years ago, a long-necked sauropod came down with a respiratory infection. The rest is history...or is it? https://bigthink.com/life/dinosaur-diseases-pathology-fossils/
Earth's last major ice age locked up gargantuan amounts of water in vast glaciers. Once they melted, it was a spectacle to behold as tremendous floods gouged channels into the face of the planet.
The remnants of one of the largest of these ancient deluges are still visible in eastern Washington, in an area now known as the Channeled Scablands. For a long time, geologists have been struggling to understand the dynamic properties of these floods, until a recent key insight was made. https://www.sciencealert.com/ancient-megafloods-tilted-the-very-direction-of-earth-s-crust-scientists-find
Trust the science is the most anti-science statement ever. Questioning science is how you do science. https://www.varsity.co.uk/science/23089
The divergence between the ice core reconstruction of the IPO, and instrumental observations, is likely due to an unusually long wet phase that occurred between 1947 and 1976. This unusually wet period is when much of eastern Australia's water infrastructure was planned and/or built.
"This means that what occurred in the mid 20th century is skewing our expectations of what is normal for rainfall and runoff," Dr. Kiem said.
"This has serious implications for drought and flood risk assessments, which should be re-calculated to account for positive, dry IPO phases being the norm, and much more likely than suggested by the last 150 years of observations." https://phys.org/news/2022-02-antarctic-ice-cores-reveal-australian.html
. Furthermore, many DNMs observed in the F2 mice exhibited an allele ratio of 1:3 instead of 2:2, suggesting that these mutations are likely to accumulate in gamete cells as a form of mismatch in the DNA duplex. Our study indicated that FD for two generations significantly enhances DNM accumulation during meiosis, which might contribute to the increased negative birth outcomes among F2 mice. Not only maternal but also paternal FA supplementation is probably also necessary and beneficial to prevent birth defects. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41421-021-00364-0
Unloved treasures
Scup or northern porgy (Stenotomus chrysops). Triggerfish (family Balistidae). Silverbelly (Gerres spp.). Lizardfish (family Synodontidae). Needlefish (family Belonidae). Its not every day you see these marine creatures displayed in your local fish markets, supermarket freezers or listed on restaurant menus. Often caught accidentally while fishers look for the more popular species, they tend to get categorized as low value, undesirable or even trash. These animals usually get discarded or used in animal feed and fish meal. But increasingly around the world theres a move to diversify our seafood palates by including these unloved marine animals. Many are as delicious as the popular seafood you eat, although you may have never heard of them. And theyre often available more easily and in larger numbers than the limited overfished varieties. https://news.mongabay.com/2022/02/ten-unexpected-edibles-from-our-oceans/
If that all sounds very futuristic, a recent survey tells us that 23% of people in western Europe and 42% of people in the US use smart devices at home.
While these smart devices are certainly convenient, they can also present security risks. Any device with an internet connection can be compromised and taken over by attackers.
If a compromised smart device has a camera or microphone, an attacker may access these and any data on the device can be read, viewed, copied, edited or erased. The compromised smart device may start to look at your network traffic, trying to find your usernames, passwords and financial data. It may look to take over other smart devices that you own. https://theconversation.com/considering-buying-a-smart-device-to-protect-your-security-ask-yourself-these-five-questions-176331
has now shown for the first time that longer-lived woody plants absorb and store microplastics in their tissue.
Birch trees (Betula pendula Roth.) already been used to remediate contaminated land because they sequester and store industrial pollutants and heavy metals in their tissues, which subsequently allows the colonization of microbial communities that break down polyaromatic hydrocarbons. This tree species' roots grow close to the soil surface, where microplastic pollution has been shown to be highest, making them a good choice for the study.
5 to 17 percent of the root sections examined absorbed microplastics https://phys.org/news/2022-02-birch-trees-microplastics-soil.html
Researchers from North Carolina State University used historical and current pine needle samples to trace the presence and concentrations of over 70 different types of PFAS in six N.C. counties from 1961 to the present. The findings are a snapshot of the evolution of PFAS in the state over a 50-year period.
Why pine needles?
Theyre everywhere in the state and free, so its very easy to sample numerous locations and time points without having to build and retrieve expensive sampling equipment, says Erin Baker, associate professor of chemistry at NC State and co-corresponding author of the work.
As for the needles themselves, the waxy coating that protects them from the elements also acts as an efficient trap for airborne contaminants such as PFAS. And since pine trees drop their needles on an annual schedule, researchers can be certain about the points in time theyre looking at when they take samples. https://www.newswise.com/articles/pine-needles-tell-the-story-of-pfas-in-north-carolina
Earth Pulsates Every 26 Seconds. No One Knows Why.
Maybe you can solve this strange seismic mystery. https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/environment/a34531984/earth-pulsates-every-26-seconds/
By rapidly estimating the nutrient profile of hundreds of varieties of colored rice, the research will help produce rice that is more nutritious, and lead to more positive health outcomes in the developed and developing world.
Lead researcher Dr. Vito Butardo says the findings can be applied across a range of grainswheat, barley, oats and corn, for exampleto create more nutritious crops around the world.
"Our research can be used immediately by Australian and international manufacturers to help consumers make healthier choices when buying, cooking and eating rice," Dr. Butardo says.
"Over time, we can select and breed rice that has a lower glycaemic index (GI), higher concentration of micronutrientslike iron and zincand fewer nastieslike lead, mercury or cadmium."
Using radiation of 1 million suns from around the globe
Dr. Butardo and his team are among the first few Australian-based researchers to gain access to the Canadian Light Source, a synchrotron facility, which accelerates electrons in a close loop magnetic field to produce light brighter than a million suns. https://phys.org/news/2022-02-million-suns-key-secrets-healthier.html
"There is good trial evidence that eating foods rich in fibre such as vegetables can help lower weight, and improve levels of risk factors known to cause heart disease," Naveed Sattar, a professor of cardiovascular and metabolic medicine at the University of Glasgow, told CNN. "The present observational study cannot overcome such evidence and its conclusions can be debated since the authors may have over-adjusted for factors that account for lower intake of vegetables."
One American nutrition expert noted the picture on heart health is much more complicated than one single factor. https://www.upi.com/Health_News/2022/02/21/vegetables-heart-health/5951645456729/?u3L=1
It turns out that the common kitchen sponge is a better incubator for bacterial communities than a laboratory petri dish, because the structure of the environment in which they grow affects interactions between microbial species.
According to a new study, its not just the trapped leftover food that makes the microbes thrive inside of it, but the structure of the sponge itself. Some bacteria prefer to live in a diverse community, while others prefer to exist only with bacteria like themselves, so an environment that allows both kinds to live their best lives leads to the strongest biodiversity.
Soil provides this sort of optimal mixed-housing environment, and so does your kitchen sponge. https://cosmosmagazine.com/news/the-surprising-structural-reason-your-kitchen-sponge-is-so-disgusting/?amp=1
Now, evidence is emerging that fiber is also important for a healthy brain. In a new study published this month in the journal Nutritional Neuroscience, researchers in Japan have shown that a high-fiber diet is associated with a reduced risk of developing dementia. https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220221/High-fiber-diet-linked-with-reduced-risk-of-developing-dementia.aspx
At present, its unclear how long it takes for the brain to rewire itself in order to operate in space, but the resulting changes appear to persist for months or longer after returning to Earth.
Scientists took additional scans eight months after cosmonauts returned to Earth and found that the new nerve pathways were still present. They believe these pathways imprint themselves on the brain in a permanent or semi-permanent fashion, such that astronauts who conduct subsequent flights more easily adapt to the environment than they did during their first visit.
We think its like a bimodal system. They can swap between one and another. What we see is connectivity, but even if a connection is there, it doesnt mean it will be used. https://www.syfy.com/syfy-wire/spaceflight-doesnt-just-change-astronauts-bodies-it-also-rewires-their-brains
Raymond Charles has been working on the project with Nyikina Mangala Rangers since the start and said the work was gruelling.
"You've gotta climb up, some places are hard to climb, you've gotta go 'round," he said.
"It's hard work alright. That's a long walk, and a long walk back."
Now, thermal imaging cameras installed on the drones allow the rangers to track the heat signatures of the wallabies. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-02-26/nyikina-mangal-rangers-using-drones-to-protect-rare-wallaby/100860886
Russias Invasion of Ukraine Adds Urgency to Europes Green Power Transition
The conflict has driven home the risk of relying on Russian gas, particularly for countries that see it as a bridge to renewable energy https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/russias-invasion-of-ukraine-adds-urgency-to-europes-green-power-transition/
Melatonin has been repeatedly highlighted as a potential COVID-19 therapy for severe disease, owing to its broad antiviral properties but also its lack of toxicity. Ongoing clinical trials aim to test just how effective it is when used in humans, but results have suggested some positive outcomes when using the drug on hospitalized patients.
The review makes an argument for melatonin use in a broad spectrum of cases, beginning with patients who develop sepsis.
Sepsis can occur when the body has an extreme response to systemic infection. As inflammation causes widespread damage to major organs, sepsis can develop into septic shock.
Sepsis and septic shock are common causes of death in COVID-19 infected people, and evidence suggests melatonin may be able to help by inhibiting the cytokine storm that causes this immune overreaction. Severe COVID-19 cases also commonly precede infection by bacterial and fungal pathogens, which studies have shown melatonin can help to tackle. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/melatonin-may-be-a-cheap-effective-drug-to-treat-covid19-suggests-review/
Amidst growing calls to reduce industrial ruminant production, there is room to consider differences in meat quality and nutritional benefits of organic and/or pasture-based management systems. Access to forage, whether fresh or conserved, is a key influencing factor for meat fatty acid profile, and there is increasing evidence that pasture access is particularly beneficial for meats nutritional quality. These composition differences ultimately impact nutrient supply to consumers of conventional, organic and grass-fed meat. For this review, predicted fatty acid supply from three consumption scenarios were modelled: i. average UK population National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) (<128 g/week) red meat consumption, ii. red meat consumption suggested by the UK National Health Service (NHS) (<490 g/week) and iii. red meat consumption suggested by the Eat Lancet Report (<98 g/week). The results indicate average consumers would receive more of the beneficial fatty acids for human health (especially the essential omega-3, alpha-linolenic acid) from pasture-fed beef, produced either organically or conventionally. https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/5/646/htm
Thanks to the virions, we now know the answer. It seems the SARS-CoV-2 particles may be using our bodies immune response for their own benefit: when a fatty acid immune molecule binds with this pocket, the researchers discovered, the spike protein "folds" down.
This means it cant infect the host cells anymore but it also means that host antibodies are less able to bind to it. You can think of it kind of like folding down a switchblade: sure, you cant stab any Sharks or Jets [delete as appropriate] with it, but its way less likely Sergeant Krupke is going to notice you have a weapon and arrest you this way.
By ducking down Рђд the spike protein upon binding of inflammatory fatty acids, the virus becomes less visible to the immune system, said Staufer. This could be a mechanism to avoid detection by the host and a strong immune response for a longer period of time and increase total infection efficiency. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/covid19-may-have-been-using-our-immune-system-against-us-this-whole-time/
The missing ingredient to fight the climate crisis: positive fictional role models https://theconversation.com/the-missing-ingredient-to-fight-the-climate-crisis-positive-fictional-role-models-177684
Mouse study: Vaping has long-term effects on the heart for adolescent males but not females https://wexnermedical.osu.edu/mediaroom/pressreleaselisting/teen-vaping
and compared the results with the ancient DNA. The study suggests that some 50,000 years ago, mixing occurred among widespread human groups, including a population unknown in the fossil record, as reflected in artifacts in the archaeological record, such as stone tools and beads. These connections may have helped people to survive the last Ice Age, explained anthropologist Mary Prendergast of Rice University. Then, some 20,000 years ago, the genetic study indicates that people traveled less, https://www.archaeology.org/news/10379-220224-africa-dna-population
According to a Swedish study, published in Science, exposure to a mix of endocrine-disrupting chemicals during pregnancy may affect childrens brain development and increased the risk of health issues in later life. This study links human epidemiological data with preclinical experimental evidence and suggests that further investigation and regulation is required. https://www.endocrinology.org/news/article/16585/endocrine-disrupting-chemicals-may-affect-brain-development-in-utero
A spate of cyber attacks has affected Ukraines digital systems since Russias invasion began. It soon became clear Russias boots on the ground approach would be supplemented by a parallel cyber offensive.
Last week Ukraine called on its citizens to take to their keyboards and defend the country against Russias cyber threat. At the same time, a campaign was underway among the hacktivist collective Anonymous, calling on its global army of cyber warriors to target Russia. https://theconversation.com/the-hacker-group-anonymous-has-waged-a-cyber-war-against-russia-how-effective-could-they-actually-be-178034
The innate immune system plays a crucial role in regulating host-microbe interactions, and especially in providing protection against pathogens that invade the mucosa. Using an intestinal infection model, scientists discovered that innate effector cells -- group 3 innate lymphoid cells -- act not only during the early stages of infection but can also be trained to develop an innate form of immunological memory that can protect the host during reinfection. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/02/220228125617.htm
Cosmic shock! Astronomers create detailed images of the largest shockwave in the universe, finding it is 6.5 MILLION light years across - about 60 times larger than the Milky Way https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-10561949/Astronomers-create-detailed-images-largest-shockwave-universe.html
A team of Brazilian and British scientists has discovered that extreme wind and water deficiency are the main causes of tree death in the southern Amazon.
The study revealed that more than 70% of all trees dying at the edge of the Amazon rainforest already had severely broken and damaged crowns due to climate change years before they dieda significantly higher percentage than other regions in the Amazon.
Furthermore, the proportion of trees that die broken in this area is more than anywhere else in the Amazonroughly 54%.
The research published this week in the Journal of Ecology is the first to evaluate large-scale the causes of tree mortality across the southern Amazon rainforest using tree-by-tree data. https://phys.org/news/2022-02-climate-high-tree-mortality-southern.html
Tests performed between 2006 and 2017 show dozens of chloride readings above 500 milligrams per liter, the Illinois EPA's chloride limit. Some readingssuch as a February 2015 test at Diversey Parkway on the Chicago River's North Branchare more than twice as high.
But ecological effects of chlorides on fish and insects begin to be seen at even lower levels, around 150 milligrams per liter, said Jennifer Hammer, the director of watershed programs and ecological restoration for the Conservation Foundation, which is working with the 48 municipalities and agencies.
Adding salt into the soil or water has a ripple effect. Plants and trees don't get the nutrients they need, and increased saline levels can reduce species diversity in wetlands. For freshwater fish, and amphibians like wood frogs and salamanders, sodium chloride can interfere with their internal balance and harm reproductivity.
"If we continue to behave the way we are, we're going to be causing a lot of problems for future generations to have to clean up after us," said Scott Kuykendall, a water resources specialist for the McHenry County Department of Planning and Development, a leader in the push to reduce chloride use in winter. "We should be taking care of our own mess."
'Way overused' https://phys.org/news/2022-02-chicago-area-grapples-road-salt.html
The latest research, using a real-world model developed by Ali Ashkars lab in McMasters Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, shows how the wrap sheds a herpes virus and a coronavirus closely related to SARS-COV2 in structure, meaning it is highly likely to repel COVID itself.
The product works using a self-cleaning surface design microscopically tuned to shed everything that comes into contact with it, down to the scale of viruses and bacteria. The design was inspired by the surface of the water-shedding lotus leaf. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/944903
Metasurface-based antenna turns ambient radio waves into electric power
Technology could make it possible to use radio emissions from cell phone networks to wirelessly power sensors and LEDs https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/944872
This trend of misinformation emerging during times of humanitarian crises and propagating via social media platforms is not new. Previous research has documented the spread of misinformation, rumors, and conspiracies on social media in the aftermath of the 2010 Haiti earthquake [9], the 2012 Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting [10], Hurricane Sandy in 2012 [11], the 2013 Boston Marathon bombings [12,13], and the 2013 Ebola outbreak [14].
Misinformation can be spread directly by humans, as well as by automated online accounts, colloquially called bots. Social bots, which pose as real (human) users on platforms such as Twitter, use behaviors like excessive posting, early and frequent retweeting of emerging news, and tagging or mentioning influential figures in the hope they will spread the content to their thousands of followers [15]. Bots have been found to disproportionately contribute to Twitter conversations on controversial political and public health matters, although there is less evidence they are biased toward one side of these issues [16-18].
This paper combines a scoping review with an unpublished secondary analysis, similar in style to Leggio et al [19] and Zhu et al [20]. We begin with a high-level survey of the current bot literature: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8139392/
NEW YORK, Feb. 14, 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- New data released by cybersecurity company, CHEQ, today revealed that US eCommerce sites will become infected with 16 million bots and fake users this Valentine's Day.
The traffic is expected to come in a variety of forms, including botnets, click farms, malicious scrapers, shopping bots, fraudsters and more. CHEQ's predictions are derived from a study of the volume of invalid traffic (IVT) on eCommerce sites from organic and direct sources, along with an analysis of online shopping patterns, ahead of the holiday. With over half of US adults reported to celebrate Valentine's day, spending over the one-day holiday is expected to top $21B, meaning that financial ramifications of increased bot traffic on shopping sites could be significant.
"When fake users make their way to eCommerce sites, we see a variety of issues arise for shoppers and online businesses alike," said Guy Tytunovich, CHEQ's CEO. "Shopping cart stuffing, chargeback fraud, shopping scams and other malicious activities, all these negative phenomena tend to peak around when there's an influx of bots and malicious users." https://finance.yahoo.com/news/16-million-bots-fake-users-152700842.html

In the UCPH researchers’ new model, the 25 percent share of dark matter is accorded special qualities that make the 70 percent of dark energy redundant.
“We don’t know much about dark matter other than that it is a heavy and slow particle. But then we wondered—what if dark matter had some quality that was analogous to magnetism in it? We know that as normal particles move around, they create magnetism. And, magnets attract or repel other magnets—so what if that’s what’s going on in the universe? That this constant expansion of dark matter is occurring thanks to some sort of magnetic force?” https://scienceblog.com/522044/new-study-sows-doubt-about-the-composition-of-70-percent-of-our-universe/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+scienceblogrssfeed+%28ScienceBlog.com%29
showing that soil moisture is indeed in the driver's seat in terms of how much carbon dioxide is taken up by land ecosystems. However, the study also concludes that the amount of moisture in the soil affects temperatures and humidity near the surface, which in turn affect plants' ability to fix carbon.
"Soil moisture is the driver, and temperature and humidity are the lever https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/soil-moisture-drives-year-to-year-change-in-land-carbon-uptake
Overall, Seybert says he hopes that this research will help candidates better evaluate companies during their job search. "The best takeaway for employees is to avoid companies that might have use for managers with dark personalities, and not to expect support from higher-ups when this is the case. The company might have picked a bad boss on purpose." https://phys.org/news/2021-03-firms-dark-personalities.html
This research, supported in part by a NASA grant, builds on Environmental Defense Fund's previous work with Google Earth Outreach and other partners in Oakland, which deployed Google Street View cars to create a large, spatially precise dataset of mobile air pollution measurements within Oakland. This latest research shows how pollution can contribute to health disparities, as it disproportionately impacts neighborhoods burdened by existing health conditions.
"Across the world, people living in cities—from the young to the elderly—are impacted by air pollution. But we know that this harm is not equally distributed," Ananya Roy, Senior Health Scientist at Environmental Defense Fund and a co-author on the study, said. "This study develops methods and shines a light on the major disparities in air pollution's impacts on communities at an unprecedented block by block scale https://phys.org/news/2021-03-reveals-large-unequal-health-burden.html
Children around the country gave up sweets and cakes hundreds of years ago as part of a sugar boycott to protest against slavery, a study shows.
The research shows the scale of children's involvement in the abolitionist movement, from avoiding all products made from sugar, and learning about the horrors of the slave trade as part of lessons at school.
Dr. Ryan Hanley from the University of Exeter and Professor Kathryn Gleadle from the University of Oxford found young people were influenced by their parents and abolitionists to protest, but many of their actions were taken independently. For instance, girls as young as nine invested dozens of hours of their leisure time producing intricate needlework with anti-slavery themes.
In late 18th- and early 19th-century Britain children were especially active in the boycotts of sugar produced by enslaved people. Many of those grew up to be leading lights in abolitionism and other reform movements. https://phys.org/news/2021-04-children-boycotted-sugar-protest-slavery.html
Microplastics are affecting melt rates of snow and ice https://phys.org/news/2021-04-microplastics-affecting-ice.html
Fossil fuel companies made out like bandits from last year’s government bailout. Now, new data shows that big names in the industry laid off tens of thousands of workers last year while padding their bank accounts with public money. https://earther.gizmodo.com/fossil-fuels-got-billions-in-bailouts-fired-thousands-1846604863
Led by a team of French researchers, a study published Thursday in the journal PLOS Genetics identifies genetic risk factors associated with histiocytic sarcoma, a rare blood cancer that occurs in both humans and dogs.
This study focused on three dog breeds, which share similar loci that occur in multiple canine cancers. The dogs include Bernese mountain dogs, Rottweilers, and retrievers — specifically, flat-coated retrievers and golden retrievers. https://www.inverse.com/science/study-finds-3-dogs-are-most-at-risk-for-cancer
Plants have also been impacted. Since 2004, the total applied toxicity from weed killers has doubled in land plants. One of the major herbicides contributing to the rise is glyphosate, which has simplified farming, improved soil conservation, and allowed farmers to switch away from more toxic herbicides after the advent of crops genetically modified to tolerate glyphosate in the 1990s. But since then, some weeds have evolved resistance to glyphosate, and farmers are spraying additional types of herbicides. That threatens flowering plants that grow in field margins, providing food and habitat for other species.
Even one crop species genetically engineered to reduce pesticide use—corn containing an insect-killing chemical called Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)—has seen its toxic exposure rising fast. Total applied toxicity in Bt corn has been increasing just as quickly—8% per year over the past decade—as in non–genetically modified corn. “It was a bit astonishing,” Schulz says. “I didn’t expect that, I must admit.” The reason, Schulz suspects, is that pests are evolving resistance to chemicals that are overused in both types of corn, requiring more frequent applications. “That is really one of the major problems agriculture is suffering from.”
Schulz hopes the results will help policymakers and others think more broadly about the complexity of pest and weed control, and the trade-offs for wild species, in order to reduce unintentional harm. Tooker notes that the rising toxicity in plants and aquatic invertebrates could lead to less diverse habitat and food resources that eventually ripple through animal populations, potentially causing losses. “The patterns in the U.S. pesticide use and toxicity data should be a cautionary tale for the rest of the world, much of which seems to be leaning more heavily on pesticide use rather than ecological interactions for pest control.” https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2021/04/birds-versus-bees-these-species-are-losing-out-great-pesticide-trade
A new study led by a team of Brigham Young University researchers finds novel cellular-level support for an alternate theory that is growing in strength: Alzheimer's could actually be a result of metabolic dysfunction in the brain. In other words, there is growing evidence that diet and lifestyle are at the heart of Alzheimer's Disease.
"Alzheimer's Disease is increasingly being referred to as insulin resistance of the brain or Type 3 Diabetes," said senior study author Benjamin Bikman, a professor of physiology and developmental biology at BYU. "Our research shows there is likely a lifestyle origin to the disease, at least to some degree." https://www.newswise.com/articles/new-research-on-alzheimer-s-disease-shows-lifestyle-origin-at-least-in-some-degree
Academia is often a family business. That’s a barrier for increasing diversity https://www.sciencemag.org/careers/2021/04/academia-often-family-business-s-barrier-increasing-diversity
Sugar not so nice for your child's brain development New research shows how high consumption affects learning, memory https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/03/210331130910.htm
In the experiments, the team investigated whether so-called dendritic spines change when exposed to a vitamin A derivative called retionic acid. Dendritic spines are the parts of the synapse that receive, process and transmit signals during communication between neurons. As such, they play a crucial role in brain plasticity and are constantly adapting to everyday experience. For example, learning can change the number and shape of dendritic spines. However, a transformation in the number or shape of the spines is also found in diseases such as depression or dementia. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/03/210331130913.htm
What is Retinoic Acid? https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Retinoic-Acid.aspx
Something was banned in this comment be careful . New study sheds light on how boredom affects bedtime procrastination and sleep quality https://www.psypost.org/2021/04/new-study-sheds-light-on-how-boredom-affects-bedtime-procrastination-and-sleep-quality-60283
biologists have discovered that plants influence how their bacterial and fungal neighbors react to climate change. This finding contributes crucial new information to a hot topic in environmental science: in what manner will climate change alter the diversity of both plants and microbiomes on the landscape? https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/03/210331085745.htm
Speculation that supernovas could trigger mass extinctions dates back to the 1950s. In more recent times, researchers have debated the estimated 'kill distance' of these explosive events (with estimates ranging between 25 to 50 million light-years).
In their recent estimates, though, Fields and his co-authors propose that exploding stars from even farther away could have harmful effects on life on Earth, through a possible combination of both instantaneous and long-lived effects. https://www.sciencealert.com/an-exploding-star-65-light-years-away-from-earth-may-have-triggered-a-mass-extinction
To date, the Bird Friendly Coffee program works with 58 farms across Latin America, Ethiopia, India, and Thailand that meet these credentials. The certified farms pay a royalty to the Smithsonian that goes back into to program itself to fund more research into the ways coffee farms can support migratory birds. https://www.inverse.com/science/why-you-need-to-drink-bird-friendly-coffee
“So even the baseline level of stress hormone that’s normally circulating in the body is an important regulator of the resting phase,” Ya-Chieh Hsu, senior author of the study published in Nature, said in a statement. “Stress essentially just elevates this preexisting ‘adrenal gland–hair follicle axis,’ making it even more difficult for hair follicle stem cells to enter the growth phase to regenerate new hair follicles.”
Remove stress from your life might be impossible, but the findings in this new round of researcher could ultimately lead to treatments that will boost hair growth or halt hair loss. https://bgr.com/2021/04/03/hair-loss-cure-mice-study/
Israeli Archaeologists Present Groundbreaking Universal Theory of Human Evolution
Tel Aviv University archaeologists Miki Ben-Dor and Ran Barkai proffer novel hypothesis, showing how the greed of Homo erectus set us careening down an anomalous evolutionary path https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/israeli-archaeologists-present-amazing-universal-theory-of-human-evolution-1.9568560
Ask Ethan: Is There A Fundamental Reason Why E = mc²?
Physics demands that it couldn’t be any other way. Here’s why. https://medium.com/starts-with-a-bang/ask-ethan-is-there-a-fundamental-reason-why-e-mc%C2%B2-b33affe27e8a
“What we found is that when you put a human tumor in a mouse, that tumor is not the same as the tumor that was in the cancer patient,” says senior author W. Jim Zheng, PhD, professor at the School of Biomedical Informatics, in a release. “The majority of tumors we tested were compromised by mouse viruses.”
Among a total of 184 analyzed PDX models, 170 contained mouse viruses. Study authors say these viruses are “associated with significant changes” in tumors, essentially rendering any medical findings with infected models unreliable. https://www.studyfinds.org/why-cancer-drugs-work-on-mice-not-people/
The Veil Nebula’s progenitor star — which was 20 times the mass of the Sun — lived fast and died young, ending its life in a cataclysmic release of energy. Despite this stellar violence, the shockwaves and debris from the supernova sculpted the Veil Nebula’s delicate tracery of ionised gas — creating a scene of surprising astronomical beauty. Witches broom https://www.cnet.com/news/stunning-hubble-telescope-image-reveals-veil-nebula-in-exquisite-detail/
Children around the country gave up sweets and cakes hundreds of years ago as part of a sugar boycott to protest against slavery, a study shows.
The research shows the scale of children's involvement in the abolitionist movement, from avoiding all products made from sugar, and learning about the horrors of the slave trade as part of lessons at school.
Dr. Ryan Hanley from the University of Exeter and Professor Kathryn Gleadle from the University of Oxford found young people were influenced by their parents and abolitionists to protest, but many of their actions were taken independently. For instance, girls as young as nine invested dozens of hours of their leisure time producing intricate needlework with anti-slavery themes.
In late 18th- and early 19th-century Britain children were especially active in the boycotts of sugar produced by enslaved people. Many of those grew up to be leading lights in abolitionism and other reform movements. Children around the country gave up sweets and cakes hundreds of years ago as part of a sugar boycott to protest against slavery, a study shows.
The research shows the scale of children's involvement in the abolitionist movement, from avoiding all products made from sugar, and learning about the horrors of the slave trade as part of lessons at school.
Dr. Ryan Hanley from the University of Exeter and Professor Kathryn Gleadle from the University of Oxford found young people were influenced by their parents and abolitionists to protest, but many of their actions were taken independently. For instance, girls as young as nine invested dozens of hours of their leisure time producing intricate needlework with anti-slavery themes. https://phys.org/news/2021-04-children-boycotted-sugar-protest-slavery.html
People often say that magicians use distraction to keep audiences from seeing how they do the trick. But it’s more complex than that. “What they do is direct attention very skillfully away from the secret method,” explains Susana Martinz-Conde. Martinez-Conde, also a neuroscientist at SUNY Downstate, is a leading expert on the neuroscience of vision (and is married to Macknik). Here again, the brain helps the magician. https://www.discovermagazine.com/mind/what-magic-can-teach-us-about-the-human-mind
The extent to which that power matters for purposes of the First Amendment and the extent to which that power could lawfully be modified raise interesting and important questions.”
Thomas noted that Big Tech firms have a vast amount of power over the flow of information—even books. He said it does not matter that Amazon, Facebook, Twitter, and others are not the only ways in which to distribute speech—as long as their power to do so is unequaled.
“A person always could choose to avoid the toll bridge or train and instead swim the Charles River or hike the Oregon Trail,” he wrote. “But in assessing whether a company exercises substantial market power, what matters is whether the alternatives are comparable. For many of today’s digital platforms, nothing is.” https://mb.ntd.com/supreme-court-justice-thomas-suggests-facebook-twitter-could-be-regulated-like-utilities_592507.html
4 Sneaky Ways Your High-Protein Diet Is Making You Gain Weight, According To Dietitians
What to do when your high-protein diet backfires. https://www.womenshealthmag.com/weight-loss/a19992231/too-much-protein-0/
In an initial study, we found that alarm sounds perceived as “melodic”, irrespective of the specific type or genre, lead to significantly reduced feelings of sleep inertia, when compared with alternative musical variations such as “unmelodic” beeping alarms. https://theconversation.com/snooze-blues-how-using-your-favourite-song-as-an-alarm-can-help-you-wake-up-more-alert-158233
Despite their name, orcas (Orcinus orca), which are also called killer whales, are not whales. Rather, they're the largest species of the dolphin family, according to the Ocean Conservancy. And, like their "killer" name suggests, these marine mammals are known for hunting all kinds of prey, including humpback whales, seals, sea turtles and even great white sharks.
In this case, even though the blue whale was nearly twice the length of the largest orca, which can grow to lengths of about 31 feet (9.5 m), it couldn't shake off its pursuers. "It was completely surrounded by orca[s] as it swam," Brown wrote in the blog. Moreover, the orcas didn't appear to rush the hunt, but instead were "strategic, thoughtful, collaborative, patient [and] persistent," Brown wrote in the blog. https://www.livescience.com/killer-whales-attack-blue-whale.html
pandemic has meant that some children have actually taken a step backwards in literacy," he tells us, "which is a worry and a tragedy." Introducing reading into TV watching is a painless way to try to move the needle. And by giving deeper context clues, captioning can help other kinds of viewers as well.
"People with conditions such as Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention Deficit Disorder and Mild Cognitive Impairment may find higher levels of engagement and enjoyment by using closed captioning," says Dr. Puja Uppal of the Think Healthy podcast. Captioning, she says, "provides an immersive experience that correlates to higher levels of enjoyment, satisfaction, and retention." https://www.salon.com/2021/04/04/why-your-brain-loves-closed-captioning/
"Visual Finance: The Pervasive Effects of Red on Investor Behavior" reveals that using the color red to represent financial data influences individuals' risk preferences, expectations of future stock returns and trading decisions. The effects are not present in people who are colorblind, and they're muted in China, where red represents prosperity. Other colors do not generate the same outcomes.
The article appears in the current issue of Management Science.
"Our findings suggest the use of color deserves careful consideration when it's to be used on financial platforms, such as brokerage websites or by retirement service providers," Bazley said. "For instance, the use of color could lead to investors avoiding the platform or delaying important financial decisions, which could have deleterious long-term consequences." https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/03/210331130907.htm
Sophia is the most famous robot creation from Hanson Robotics, with the ability to mimic facial expressions, hold conversations and recognize people. In 2017, she was granted Saudi Arabian citizenship, becoming the world’s first robot citizen. https://www.columbian.com/news/2021/ap04/robot-artist-sells-art-for-688888-now-eyeing-music-caree
Nguyen’s new study combines these two interests, finding wisdom and loneliness influence the gut — or are influenced by the gut. Or maybe both. Either way, there’s a connection — a behavioral, biological link ready to be explored, with the potential to inspire new treatments for the mind and body. https://www.inverse.com/mind-body/gut-health-loneliness-wisdom-study
Nguyen’s new study combines these two interests, finding wisdom and loneliness influence the gut — or are influenced by the gut. Or maybe both. Either way, there’s a connection — a behavioral, biological link ready to be explored, with the potential to inspire new treatments for the mind and body. https://www.inverse.com/mind-body/gut-health-loneliness-wisdom-study
OpenAI’s GPT-3 Algorithm Is Now Producing Billions of Words a Day ai https://singularityhub.com/2021/04/04/openais-gpt-3-algorithm-is-now-producing-billions-of-words-a-day/
The study painted the clearest picture yet of the genomic landscape of the placenta — and it’s unlike that of any other human tissue ever seen by Behjati, who calls it the “wild west of the human genome.” https://www.quantamagazine.org/new-genomic-study-of-placenta-finds-deep-links-to-cancer-20210408/
Gut bacteria "talk" to horse's cells to improve their athletic performance
Study linking gut bacteria to more efficient energy generation in the cells of horses paves the way for dietary supplements that enhance their performance https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2021-04/f-gb040121.php
Shaw's research now begins to explain this key first step in Parkin activation, which Shaw hypothesizes may serve as a "heads-up" signal from AMPK down the chain of command through ULK1 to Parkin to go check out the mitochondria after a first wave of incoming damage, and, if necessary, trigger destruction of those mitochondria that are too gravely damaged to regain function.
The findings have wide-ranging implications. AMPK, the central sensor of the cell's metabolism, is itself activated by a tumor suppressor protein called LKB1 that is involved in a number of cancers, as established by Shaw in prior work, and it is activated by a type 2 diabetes drug called metformin.
Meanwhile, numerous studies show that diabetes patients taking metformin exhibit lower risks of both cancer and aging comorbidities. Indeed, metformin is currently being pursued as one of the first ever "anti-aging" therapeutics in clinical trials. https://www.news-medical.net/news/20210408/Parkinsons-disease-type-2-diabetes-and-cancer-share-the-same-pathway-shows-study.aspx
Artificial intelligence studied Kurt Cobain to create a ‘new’ Nirvana song https://www.syfy.com/syfywire/ai-tech-studied-kurt-cobain-create-new-nirvana-song
According to a new paper published in the online journal Science Robotics, the researchers' latest project takes it one step further with their Xenobots 2.0 by building life forms that actually self-assemble a body from single cells, don't need muscle cells to move, and have shown the capacity of recordable memory. These next-gen Xenobots are swifter, can maneuver around different environments, have longer lifespans, and still have the ability to cooperate in groups and heal themselves if damaged.
"Our initial work showed that living robots can be designed in a simulator by an AI, and then built out of amphibian cells," https://www.syfy.com/syfywire/living-micro-robots-were-born-from-frog-cells
FDA and FTC Urged to Bring Enforcement Proceedings Against Joseph Mercola for False COVID-19 Health Claims
CSPI to Testify on COVID Scams in Senate Commerce Committee Today https://cspinet.org/news/fda-and-ftc-urged-bring-enforcement-proceedings-against-joseph-mercola-false-covid-19-health
"It's as simple as taking a few moments in the morning while you're drinking your coffee to reflect on who you want to be as a leader," said Remy Jennings, a doctoral student in the University of Florida's Warrington College of Business, who authored the study in the journal Personnel Psychology with UF management professor Klodiana Lanaj.
When study participants took that step, they were more likely to report helping co-workers and providing strategic vision than on days they didn't do the morning reflection. They also felt more leaderlike on those days, perceiving more power and influence in the office.
The effects also extended to aspiring leaders.
"Leadership is really challenging, so a lot of people are hesitant to tackle leadership roles or assignments," Lanaj said. "Reflecting a few minutes in the morning really makes a difference." https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2021-04/uof-aqm040621.php
The researchers found that of the two 'political' variables (tweets and the degree of sanctions), only the tweets affected the exchange rate. The authors of the work highlighted several episodes when, after Trump tweeted anti-Russia statements, the rouble exchange rate dropped and the drop lasted for several days. The researchers note that all these episodes coincide with the announcement of new sanctions. However, in cases where sanctions were introduced, but Trump did not comment on them on Twitter, the rouble did not fall. https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2021-04/nruh-rfa040621.php
It seems simple enough to write down what you're eating each day of the week. But it’s important to also consider portions and the amount you are eating. This can be tracked by listing measurements, like how many cups of soda you drank. Keeping track of the time of day (and where you're eating, like in your kitchen or at your computer) can also help you notice certain patterns that may be contributing to your weight gain. For instance, researchers have found a link between obesity and nighttime eating. It’s equally important to understand why we're eating at any given time. For example, are you eating because you're hungry or because you're bored? https://www.discovermagazine.com/health/you-may-be-eating-more-than-you-think-heres-how-food-journaling-can-help?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+DiscoverHealthMedicine+%28Discover+Health+%26+Medicine%29
In the years following the landmark Paris climate agreement, most countries have made progress in phasing out coal-fired power—but nowhere near fast enough, and much of the progress has been offset by even larger planned expansion in China. This is shown by new CREA analysis based on data from Global Energy Monitor. https://energyandcleanair.org/most-countries-are-making-progress-on-phasing-out-coal/
For years, Big Oil has cozied up to American public schools—and now they seem to be cashing in their chips. New emails appear to show that some elected officials in charge of public schools may have been helped in attacking the Biden administration’s recent decision to pause oil and gas leasing on federal land by powerful oil industry lobbying groups. https://earther.gizmodo.com/big-oil-fed-state-educators-stats-used-to-push-back-on-1846654051
Dultra and her colleagues’ research is an example of citizen science in action, says Mike Vecchione, a zoologist at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington. He argues that a similar approach could help resolve taxonomic questions about other animals.
“People that work with nature—they’re sort of natural-born taxonomists or naturalists,” he says. “I think it’s an untapped resource that we’re just starting to take advantage of.” https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2021/04/sand-octopus-was-hiding-plain-sight/618562/
Quite simply, it may be better to consume your morning coffee following breakfast rather than before it as a means of waking yourself up. https://www.batleynews.co.uk/health/doctors-casebook-why-you-shouldnt-regularly-drink-coffee-before-breakfast-3192203
A Mass Extinction Event Is on The Horizon if Marine Life Keeps Fleeing The Equator https://www.sciencealert.com/we-may-be-heading-for-a-mass-extinction-event-if-marine-life-continues-to-flee-the-equator
Glaciers all over Antarctica are in trouble as ice there rapidly melts. There’s no Antarctic glacier whose fate is more consequential for our future than the Thwaites Glacier https://earther.gizmodo.com/first-ever-observations-from-under-antarctica-s-doomsd-1846650385
Humans were apex predators for two million years
What did our ancestors eat during the stone age? Mostly meat https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2021-04/tu-hwa040421.php
Sulfoquinovose is a sulfonic acid derivative of glucose and is found as a chemical building block primarily in green vegetables such as spinach, lettuce, and in algae. From previous studies by the research group led by microbiologist David Schleheck at the University of Konstanz, it was known that other microorganisms can in principle use the sulfosugar as a nutrient. In their current study, the researchers from the Universities of Konstanz and Vienna used analyses of stool samples to determine how these processes specifically take place in the human intestine. "We have now been able to show that, unlike glucose, for example, which feeds a large number of microorganisms in the gut, sulfoquinovose stimulates the growth of very specific key organisms in the gut microbiome," https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/04/210409104447.htm
Social media influence by governments and political parties is a growing threat to democracies according to the 2020 media manipulation survey from the Oxford Internet Institute. In the last year social media manipulation campaigns have been recorded in 81 countries, up from 70 countries in 2019 and most of the countries involved have deployed disinformation campaigns. The main author of the report, Dr. Samantha Bradshaw is on the Digital Planet show. https://demtech.oii.ox.ac.uk/press-online-manipulation-on-a-global-scale/
A new study conducted at the University of Worcester and published in The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, has found low fat diets decrease men’s testosterone levels by 10-15%.
Optimal testosterone levels are critical to men’s health. Low testosterone levels are linked to a higher risk of heart disease, diabetes, and Alzheimer’s disease. Healthy testosterone levels are also key for men’s athletic performance, mental health, and sexual health.
Since the 1970s, there has been a decrease in men’s average testosterone levels and rates of hypogonadism (medically low testosterone) have been increasing. Low risk dietary strategies could be a useful treatment for low testosterone. https://www.news-medical.net/news/20210409/Study-Low-fat-diets-reduce-mene28099s-testosterone-levels.aspx
Dr Ge Guo, lead author of the study from the Living Systems Institute said: "We are very excited to discover that human embryonic stem cells can make every type of cell required to produce a new embryo."
Professor Austin Smith, Director of the Living Systems Institute and co-author of the study added, said: "Before Dr Guo showed me her results, I did not imagine this should be possible. Her discovery changes our understanding of how the human embryo is made and what we may be able do with human embryonic stem cells"
Human naïve epiblast cells possess unrestricted lineage potential is published in Cell Stem Cell. The research was funded by the Medical Research Council (MRC) . https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/04/210408131434.htm
...PDF.......GN 154 Soil Temperature Conditions for Vegetable Seed Germination Page 2 of 2 NUMBER OF DAYS FOR VEGETABLE SEEDS TO EMERGE AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES....PDF. http://sacmg.ucanr.edu/files/164220.pdf
Most seeds germinate in an environment between 68°F and 86°F.
At its lowest “yogurt setting” at 91°F, the Instant Pot is able to provide a controlled, consistent greenhouse-like environment, producing germinated seeds in as little time as 24 hours to seven days. Given that the temperature of the water is on the higher side, this method is best for warmer-weather crops or those that prefer a temperature range from 76°F to 86°F. We don’t recommend using the Instant Pot for cool-weather crops, such as those in the brassica family. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/how-germinate-seeds-your-garden-using-instant-pot-180977488/
The researchers found that women increasingly preferred indicators of parenting effort as the relationship evolved over time. The findings indicate that “women are generally attracted to more of a ‘bad boy’ type at the outset of a relationship, which corresponds to the idea of men ‘showing off’ to attract women,” Owens explained to PsyPost. “But as a relationship develops, women prefer their partner to settle down; she prefers he stops showing off, and previous research suggests that he prefers to do the same!”
“The major limitation of this research is that it was based on self-reporting from imaginary scenarios,” Owens added. “Obviously examining real changes over the course of a developing relationship would take a long time to do! Other research has successfully used similar methods, but it would still be good to incorporate more tangible methods here.”
The study, “Variation in Women’s Mate Preferences over the Development of a Monogamous Relationship Corresponds with Changes in Men’s Life History Strategy“, was authored by Rebecca Owens, Helen Driscoll, and Daniel Farrelly https://www.psypost.org/2021/04/women-increasingly-prefer-indicators-of-parenting-effort-as-a-relationship-grows-over-time-60370
Personal data of two thirds of LinkedIn’s user base – some 500 million people – was posted for sale online by a hacker who demanded thousands of dollars be paid in bitcoin.
A similar leak of 533 million Facebook users was also reported.
Criminals could exploit the information, exposing the users to potential identity theft. https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/government/clubhouse-data-leak-exposes-1-3-million-users-to-fraud-1.1201163
The curse of coal: Greenhouse gases up the chimney, toxic ash in the ground https://thenewdaily.com.au/life/science/environment/2021/04/11/toxic-coal-ash-dump/
The Campaign for Healthier Solutions analyzed products sold in dollar stores across the country in 2015 and found that 81 percent of more than 150 products tested contained at least one hazardous chemical at concerning levels. Some of the chemical ingredients in these products have included toxic metals such as lead, which has irreversible effects on a child’s developing brain and can lead to cognitive deficits, behavioral issues, and educational delays. The tests also found phthalates, which have been linked to cancer, birth defects, learning disabilities, reduced fertility, and other health issues. https://grist.org/equity/chemicals-consumer-products-dollar-stores-report-card/
Antonio Sánchez, María del Carmen del Campillo and Vidal Barron. Image: University of Cordoba
While application to the soil was not very effective, foliar application, or feeding, was shown to be a very efficient strategy to increase the zinc content in plants, "augmenting the concentration in grains up to 50%," says the researcher. That is, foliar application was shown to be much more effective, as, with just a tenth of the product (1.28 kg per hectare) better results were obtained than when applied to the soil.
Taking into account the variety of wheat, this direct application to plants was more effective after the start of growth or during flowering.
Nourishing the plant itself, and not the soil, thus, was demonstrated to be an effective way to tackle the problem of zinc deficits in calcareous soils in the short term. In addition, if at some point wheat were purchased based on its nutritional content, growers could see increases in their profits. https://www.science20.com/news_staff/foliar_application_of_zinc_boosts_wheat_output-253886
Therefore, excessive consumption of sugar affects brain regions (notably the hippocampus ) and alters bacterial composition, both of which can independently affect memory or in combination. The growing imbalance in the gut was shown by examinations of the rats after memory tests had been conducted.
To show this effect, juvenile rats were fed their normal chow plus an 11 percent sugar solution. These concentration of sweetened water was developed to be comparable to many sugar-sweetened beverages on the market.
The rats, divided into a test group and a control group, were then given memory tests based on object discrimination and basic recognition memory. The rats given the sugary drinks performed far more poorly compared with the control group.
One reason for the impact upon cognitive function is due to the hippocampus still developing into late adolescence. This makes this region of the brain particularly vulnerable.
It has previously been established how sugar adversely affects the brain, in terms of addiction. Here sweet foods can produce addiction-like effects in the human brain, leading to the loss of self-control, overeating, and later weight gain.
The research appears in the journal Translational Psychiatry. The research paper is titled “Gut microbial taxa elevated by dietary sugar disrupt memory function.” http://www.digitaljournal.com/tech-and-science/science/too-much-sugar-affects-learning-and-memory/article/588229
"These results support claims that dogs display jealous behavior," says Bastos. "They also provide the first evidence that dogs can mentally represent jealousy-inducing social interactions."
"Previous studies confounded jealous behavior with play, interest, or aggression because they never tested the dogs' reactions to the owner and the social rival being present in the same room but not interacting."
These kinds of carefully constructed experiments are important to figure out what might be going on in the minds of dogs as we interact with them – we can, of course, observe how they act, but that's not necessarily an indicator of what they're thinking or feeling. https://www.sciencealert.com/dogs-seem-to-get-jealous-of-their-humans-even-when-their-rival-is-out-of-sight
What Happens To Your Body If You Never Stretch
Read More: https://www.thelist.com/379534/what-happens-to-your-body-if-you-never-stretch/?utm_campaign=clip https://www.thelist.com/379534/what-happens-to-your-body-if-you-never-stretch/
A team from the University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMSOM) say they have discovered structural changes in the brains of children who snore often. These changes show a connection to behavioral problems such as lack of focus, hyperactivity, and learning difficulties at school.
How does snoring damage the brain?
Study authors examined MRI scans from over 10,000 children between ages nine and 10. All of the youths are enrolled in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, the largest long-term study of brain development and child health in America. https://www.studyfinds.org/brain-changes-children-snore/
Eventually, Reynoso's search led her to interventional neuroradiologist Marcel M. Maya, MD, co-chair of the Cedars-Sinai Department of Imaging, who used a new, minimally invasive procedure called “basivertebral nerve ablation,” which targets specific nerves that transmit pain signals.
Within weeks, Reynoso was able to again move without pain. “I took one-hour walks without paying the price,” she said. “I can now help my mom, who lives by herself and is in remission from cancer.”
Maya said the relatively new procedure is appropriate for patients who have low-back pain lasting at least six months despite conservative therapies, have degenerative disks, and have specific MRI findings indicating chronic inflammation at vertebral endplates – the interfaces between spinal disks and vertebrae. https://www.newswise.com/articles/low-back-pain-relieved-by-new-minimally-invasive-procedure
Reddit angers some users after forcing them to log in to see content on its mobile site
Can Reddit still call itself “the frontpage of the internet” when it restricts access? https://www.androidpolice.com/2020/02/17/reddit-forcing-users-to-log-in-mobile-website/
apps were discovered to be copying and pasting text from the iOS clipboard even when they weren’t running in the foreground. Worse, because of Apple’s clipboard syncing feature, those apps have access to what is in a Mac’s clipboard as well.
Clipboards these days can be used to hold all sorts of information, including sensitive ones. People tend to copy even passwords and OTPs to paste on a login form and apps that access the clipboard, especially from the background, can have access to those, too, and associate it with whatever app or website is currently being used. https://www.slashgear.com/linkedin-and-reddit-apps-caught-copying-clipboard-content-without-permission-05627688/

The Washington Commanders held on for a 12-7 win over the Chicago Bears in the latest installment of Thursday Night Football.
The game began ugly on offense for both teams. Chicago quarterback Justin Fields was sacked on the opening drive. The Bears punted, and Washington went three and out on its first drive. Quarterback Carson Wentz didn’t even reach the top of his drop before he was sacked.
That was the story for much of the first half as the Commanders went into halftime nursing a 3-0 lead.
The second half wasn’t a lot better. The Bears scored the game’s first touchdown when Fields hit Dante Pettis for a 40-yard score in the third quarter. At this point, a 7-3 lead almost felt insurmountable. However, Washington answered with a field goal. The Commanders then forced another punt but again struggled to get anything going on offense and punted again.
Fortunately for Washington, this was where the Commanders won the game as Chicago punt returner Velus Jones muffed the punt, and Washington recovered inside the 10-yard line and would score a touchdown two plays later.
We do our best to offer five takeaways from a narrow Commanders’ victory.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275

Download and install the postbox desktop email app to setting up the email account. Select New > Mail Account, then enter the email settings outlined below.
Email Settings for Charter.net

• Incoming Server - IMAP

Server: mobile.charter.net
Port: 993
Security: SSL/TLS
Username: Your full email address
Password: Your password

• Outgoing Server - SMTP

Server: mobile.charter.net
Port: 587
Security: SSL/TLS
Username: Your full email address
Password: Your password
​
Read For More Information: https://expertsbadge.com/charter-spectrum-net-email-login/

Just wanted to share my experience in case it helps anyone else.
TLDR: If you run into this issue - try asking to be transferred to the activation and repair team - ignore the online prompts or and advice the automated messages give you, until they eventually let you speak to a real human on that team. Good luck!
Following the online steps to activate my new apple watch - I kept getting an error saying ”The info entered doesn’t match our records. Please try again." when I went to login after hitting 'set up celluar'.
I looked through this thread https://community.spectrum.net/discussion/170828/ongoing-unable-to-activate-apple-watch-cellular-plan and also https://www.reddit.com/SpectrumMobile/comments/wmzxs8/spectrum_mobile_cannot_activate_apple_watch/
I called the customer support number, who transferred me to tech support, who transferred me to billing, who then transferred me to the activation team. That team manually added the watch and activated using the IME number, after a nice technician named Nick escalated the issue to his Tier 3 supervisor.
They were able to successfully add it. They asked me to try unpair the watch, and as I went to do that, the watch activated correctly after about 3 minutes, so I didn't mess with that step.

These steps are very easy for people because these steps are so simple and common.
Login:

1. Open the charter mail portal
2. Click the login button
3. Enter the Username
4. Enter the password and done

Password Reset:

1. Go to the login page
2. Click the forgot password
3. Enter the email
4. You will receive an email for resetting the password
5. Just go through this process and finally you recover the password

Troubleshoot:

• If you are facing some login issues then
• Go to the login page and recheck the credentials
• You also should check the internet connection
• Check the router, if there are any barriers then move that from there
• You should disable the security program on the temporary basis

​
If you have still any doubts then you can go to this article to know more: https://expertsbadge.com/charter-spectrum-net-email-login/

I’ve been using the Global Protect VPN to access Spectrum U from my apartment, which is really nice for watching sports, and other live shows. I’m just wondering how long I’ll likely have access to it after I graduate, since it does require a NetID login. Thanks!

I've got a customer that is still using their old Bellsouth.net email addresses. They had ATT DSL for years, only because there were no other options. I started helping them a couple years ago, and have since moved them over to Spectrum. They wanted to keep their Bellsouth email, and everything I found said they could. They had two domain names, they were using, just to host their website, which both were being hosted by another local company. I've gotten them hosted on Godaddy now, and have talked about adding hosted email, and just forwarding their old Bellsouth addresses to their new ones. But today I got a call saying one of them could not get email on her phone anymore. I looked at it, and when you try to login to webmail, it says the account is locked and to try again later. Since they're no longer a customer, will ATT even help any more? I can't login to their ATT account anymore, and password resets don't seem to work. Looking for any guidance.